Blood Vessels Lecture 1

Question 1

Blood vessel functions (2)

Answer 1

deliver blood to organs/tissues
maintain homeostasis - vasoconstriction/vasodilation

Question 2

Efferent vessels carry where?

Answer 2

away from heart

Question 3

Afferent vessels carry where?

Answer 3

Towards the heart

Question 4

Why high blood pressure refers to arterial system?

Answer 4

Less pressure in veins/capillaries

Question 5

Arteries are which kind of vessel?

Answer 5

efferent

Question 6

Arteries bring blood to where?

Answer 6

Arterioles

Question 7

Arterioles regulate flow into where?

Answer 7

Capillary beds

Question 8

What happens at capillary sites?

Answer 8

Exchange of gases and nutrients b/w blood and tissue

Question 9

Capillaries are composed of what?

Answer 9

Endothelial cells

Question 10

Arteries are composed by?

Answer 10

Thick elastic walls

Question 11

What are arterioles? are they more or less elastic?

Answer 11

Small arteries
Less elastic

Question 12

Venules and veins are which kind of vessel?

Answer 12

Afferent

Question 13

What do veins and venules regulate?

Answer 13

Cardiac filling (return to heart)

Question 14

name blood vessel wall layers innermost to outermost

Answer 14

Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa

Question 15

Name 3 components of the Tunica Intima

Answer 15

Endothelium
Basement membrane
Internal elastic lamina

Question 16

What is the Tunica Media composed of?

Answer 16

Smooth muscle and elastic fibres

Question 17

What does the external elastic lamina seperate?

Answer 17

Separates Tunica Externa from Tunica Media

Question 18

Tunica Media can do what?

Answer 18

Limit pressure and blood flow - by contract/dilate
Help limit blood loss w/ injury

Question 19

What is Tunica Externa composed of?

Answer 19

Elastin & collagen fibres. nerves, blood vessels

Question 20

Vasa vasorum located in Tunica Externa, does what?

Answer 20

small vessels that supply blood to blood vessels

Question 21

Main difference between composition of Arteries and Veins

Answer 21

Arteries: Thicker walls
Veins: Thicker lumen

Question 22

How does blood move in arteries and veins

Answer 22

Arteries: Pressure from heart
Veins: Valves & skeletal muscle contractions

Question 23

How thick are the walls of Capillaries, which have the thinnest walls?

Answer 23

One cell layer thick

Question 24

Arteries have high compliance which means?

Answer 24

more ability to stretch, due to elastic fibres

Question 25

What innervates smooth muscle, allowing for vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Answer 25

Autonomic nervous system - sympathetics decrease or increase diameter

Question 26

Main differences between Elastic and Muscular arteries?

Answer 26

Elastic: Bigger, conduct blood away from heart Muscular: Smaller, distribute blood to other organs

Question 27

Main function of Elastic Arteries?

Answer 27

Stretch and squeeze back to conduct blood during Ventricle Systole

Question 28

Structure of Muscular Arteries?

Answer 28

Less elastic, more muscles

Question 29

Main function of Muscular Arteries?

Answer 29

Distribute blood to organs Greater vasoconstriction and vasodilation for blood flow

Question 30

Size of Arterioles

Answer 30

not much bigger than capillaries

Question 31

Arterioles also have what in the Tunica Externa?

Answer 31

Sympathetic nerves

Question 32

Main function of Arterioles?

Answer 32

Regulate flow of blood into capillary networks

Question 33

Order of movement from Arterioles to capillaries

Answer 33

Ateriole, Metarteriole, Precapillary-sphincter, capillary

Question 34

How does vasoconstriction effect blood pressure in arterioles?

Answer 34

Increases blood pressure

Question 35

Main function of Capillaries aka Exchange Vessels

Answer 35

Exchange of gases and nutrients

Question 36

Capillaries are small but have large surface area because?

Answer 36

to contact all body cells more capillaries to more active cells

Question 37

Capillary walls are made up of?

Answer 37

Single endothelial cell layer and basement membrane

Question 38

What is a capillary bed?

Answer 38

Network of capillaries supplying an organ/tissue

Question 39

What is the function of the Metarteriole in the Capillary Bed

Answer 39

Initial segment of connection passageway Smooth muscles adjusts flow rate through capillary bed

Question 40

What is the arteriovenous shunt?

Answer 40

Connection b/w arteriole and venule Blood bypasses capillary bed

Question 41

What is the thoroughfare channel?

Answer 41

Most direct passageway through capillary bed Contains no muscle

Question 42

What are Precapillary sphincters?

Answer 42

Bands of smooth muscle Control flow into capillary bed

Question 43

The capillary bed may be supplied by multiple arteries called?

Answer 43

Collaterals

Question 44

The process that blood vessels join together is called?

Answer 44

Arterial anastomosis

Question 45

What is a terminal artery or end artery?

Answer 45

Artery that is only supplier to a tissue/organ

Question 46

Three types of capillaries?

Answer 46

Continuous, Fenestrated, Sinusoids

Question 47

Continuous capillaries are found where?

Answer 47

Brain, lungs, skeletal/smooth mm, CT

Question 48

Continuous capillaries main function?

Answer 48

Permits diffusion of substances Prevents blood cell/plasma protein loss

Question 49

Where are Fenestrated capillaries found

Answer 49

Brain/thyroid glands, intestines, kidneys

Question 50

Fenestrated capillaries contain what?

Answer 50

Windows for rapid exchange of water/large solutes

Question 51

Sinusoidal capillary characteristics

Answer 51

Wider fenestrations, no basement membrane,

Question 52

Where are Sinusoidal capillaries found?

Answer 52

RBM, spleen, liver, pituitary, parathyroid

Question 53

What do portal systems do?

Answer 53

Lets blood pass from one capillary network to another (shortcut)

Question 54

Two locations where Portal systems are found?

Answer 54

Liver, Pituitary gland

Question 55

Hepatic Portal System does what?

Answer 55

Transports blood to liver from GI tract and spleen

Question 56

Hypophyseal Portal System does what?

Answer 56

Connects capillary beds of hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Question 57

What are Venules

Answer 57

Small veins that draw from capillaries to return to heart

Question 58

Blood flow through smallest vessels occurs in all tissues/organs except?

Answer 58

Cornea and epidermis

Question 59

Characteristics of veins?

Answer 59

Larger diameter lumen and thinner walls, less contraction

Question 60

Veins and venules are under low pressure, so blood tends to do what?

Answer 60

stop and pool

Question 61

One way valves are used in veins for?

Answer 61

Preventing backflow and keeping blood moving forward

Question 62

Mechanisms that maintain flow of blood in veins against gravity?

Answer 62

Valves, skeletal muscles, respiratory pumps,

Question 63

What is vascular sinus?

Answer 63

Vein with no smooth muscle

Question 64

Double veins connect via channels called?

Answer 64

Anastomotic veins

Question 65

What are varicose veins? What causes them?

Answer 65

Pooling of blood due to valves not working

Question 66

Where are varicose veins m/c found?

Answer 66

Lower extremities/esophagus

Question 67

Varicose vein causes

Answer 67

mechanical, stress, pregnancy, eating habits

Question 68

What is angiogenesis?

Answer 68

Growth of new blood vessels for wound/uterine healing

Question 69

What are tumor angiogenesis factors?

Answer 69

Blood vessel growth for nourishment of tumor cells

Question 70

Where is more blood volume contained?

Answer 70

Systemic venous system

Question 71

Where are blood reservoirs located?

Answer 71

Venous networks from digestive organs to liver

Question 72

What is the function of vasoconstriction in the venous system?

Answer 72

Maintain blood volume in arterial system even w/ blood loss