Lymphatic System 1 Flashcards

(59 cards)

1
Q

What are the 3 major functions of the lymphatic system

Functions of lymphatic system

A
  1. Draining excess IF
  2. Carry out immune responses
  3. Transporting dietary lipids absorbed by GI tract to blood
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2
Q

What are the 4 components of Lymphatic system

Components of Lymphatic system

A

Lymph
Lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic tissues
Lymphocytes

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3
Q

How is lymph different from IF?

Lymphatic Fluid

A

Contains immune cells

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4
Q

Why does lymph have a “milky” appearance?

Lymphatic Fluid

A

Absorbed dietary lipids

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5
Q

Lymphatic vessels are often called what?

Lymphatic vessels

A

Lymphatics

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6
Q

Where does the lymphatic network begin?

Lymphatic Vessels

A

Lymphatic capillaries

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7
Q

In what ways are Lymph capillaries different from blood capillaries?

Lymphatic Vessels: Capillaries

A

Closed @ one end
Larger diameter
Thinner walls

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8
Q

What is the purpose of overlapping endothelial cells in lymph capillaries?

Lymphatic Vessels: Capillaries

A

One-way valve permitting entry

Due to pressure changes

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9
Q

What are lacteals?

Lymphatic Vessels: Capillaries

A

capillaries located in small intestine
Carry dietary lipids

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10
Q

What is Chyle

Lymphatic Vessels: Capillaries

A

Creamy white lymph in lacteals

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11
Q

Lymphatic vessels are similar to veins in what way?

Lymphatic Vessels

A

Contain valves to prevent backflow
Vessel bulges at each valve

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12
Q

Superficial lymphatics are located where?

Lymphatic Vessels

A

Subcutaneous layer of skin
Mucous membranes
Serous membranes

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13
Q

Deep lymphatics are located where?

Lymphatic Vessels

A

skeletal muscles, organs of neck, limbs, trunk

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14
Q

6 steps of lympatic flow

From periphery to central vasculature

Lymphatic Flow

A
  1. Begins as IF
  2. Enter lymphatic capillaries
  3. Travel to regional lymph nodes
  4. Enter lymphatic trunks
  5. Drain into R or L lymphatic duct
  6. Return lymph to blood at subclavian veins
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15
Q

What are the 5 principle lymphatic trunks

Lymphatic flow: Lymphatic Trunks

A

Lumbar
Intestinal
Bronchomediastinal
subclavian
jugular

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16
Q

Which two ducts do Lymphatic trunks drain into?

Lymphatic Flow: Lymphatic ducts

A

Thoracic duct
Right lymphatic duct

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17
Q

Thoracic duct collects lymph from?

Lymphatic Flow: Lymphatic Ducts

A

Entire body inferior to diaphragm
Left side superior to diaphragm

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18
Q

Right lymphatic duct collects lymph from?

Lymphatic Flow: Lymphatic Ducts

A

Right side superior to diaphragm

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19
Q

Where does the Thoracic duct begin?

Lymphatic Flow: Lymphatic ducts

A

Cisterna chyli (anterior to L2)

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20
Q

How does lymph move

Lymph movement

A
  1. Pressure in interstitial space
  2. Skeletal muscle contractions
  3. Pressure during breathing
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21
Q

What is lymphedema?

Lymphadema

A

Blocked lymphatic drainage
most often in limbs

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22
Q

Lymphoid tissues may be either?

Lymphoid tissues

A

Lymphoid nodules
lymphoid organs

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23
Q

What are lymphoid nodules

Lymphiod tissues

A

densely packed lymphocytes in area of areolar tissue

no capsules

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24
Q

What are lymphoid organs?

Lymphoid tissues

A

Separated from surrouding tissues w/ capsule

25
What are two groups of Lymphoid tissues? ## Footnote Lymphoid tissues
Primary lymphatic tissues Secondary lymphatic tissues
26
What composes secondary lymphatic tissues
lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic nodules Where lymphocytes activated/cloned
27
What composes Primary lymphatic tissues
Red bone marrow thymus Where lymphocytes are made/matured
28
What occurs in RED BONE MARROW
Give rise to immunocompetant B cells Pre-T cells (migrate to thymus)
29
What occurs in thymus?
produces hormones (thymosins) for T-cell development
30
Where is the thymus located?
* Mediastinum (posterior to sternum) Covered in capsule dividing into R and L lobes
31
What does each thymus lobule consist of?
Dark outer cortex Lighter cental medulla
32
What does the cortex of the thymus do?
Regulates T cell development within epithelial reticular cells
33
What happens at the outer cortex of the thymus
Detritic cells: t-cell maturation Epithelial cells: educate T-cells Macrophages: clear out cells surviving T-cells enter inner medulla
34
After 3 weeks T cells enter medulla? How many survive?
2% survive and enter medulla. Rest apoptosis death
35
What are lymph nodes?
small lymphoid organs surrounded by firbous connective capsule
36
Where are large lymph glands located?
Neck, groin, axillae
37
What is the function of lymph nodes?
Remove 99% of pathogens before returning to bloodstream
38
Where are important lymph nodes located
Head and neck Arms Legs
39
What are lymph nodes covered by?
Dense CT
40
What do trabeculae do in lymph nodes?
Divide into compartments support route for blood vessels
41
What is a lymph node stroma?
composed of capsule, trabeculae, reticular fibres, fibroblasts
42
How does the lymph node function
Foreign substances trapped in reticular fibres in sinuses Macrophages destory Lymphocytes create immune response
43
What is a hilum in the lymph node?
indentation where vessels enter node
44
What is the spleen composed of?
Largest mass of lymphoid tissue in the body
45
What are the functions of spleen?
1. remove abnormal RBC 2. Store iron from RBC 3. Initaite immune response
46
Describe the diaphragmatic surface of the spleen
smooth and convex conforms to shape of diaphragm and body wall
47
What are the two indentations on the visceral surface of the spleen
Gastric area (stomach) Renal area (kidney)
48
What is the internal anatomy of the spleen?
Outer capsule of collagen/elastic fibres Trabeculae Parenchyma
49
What is parenchyma made of? How many types are there?
Made of pulp Red pulp White pulp
50
What is white pulp in parenchyma ## Footnote spleen
lymphatic tissue arranged around central arteries
51
What is red pulp in parenchyma? ## Footnote spleen
blood filled venous sinus called splenic Billroths cords
52
What is the function of white pulp ## Footnote spleen
carry blood to central arteries of white pulp acts as immune filter
53
What are the functions of red pulp? ## Footnote Spleen
removal of RBC and platelets Storage of platelets Production of blood cells during fetal life
54
What is treatment of removing spleen called?
Splenectomy
55
What are lymphoid nodules?
masses of lymphatic tissue with no capsule
56
Where are lymphoid nodules located?
mucous membranes GI, urinary/reprod. tract/respiratory airways
57
What is MALT? what does it do?
* * Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue Protect epithelia from pathogens and toxins
58
What are tonsils? Where are they located?
* * Large lymphoid nodules on wall of pharynx location: pharyngeal, palatine, lingual
59
What are two examples of MALT disorders?
Tonsillitis Appendicitis