Lymphatic System 1

Question 1

What are the 3 major functions of the lymphatic system

Functions of lymphatic system

Answer 1

1. Draining excess IF
2. Carry out immune responses
3. Transporting dietary lipids absorbed by GI tract to blood

Question 2

What are the 4 components of Lymphatic system

Components of Lymphatic system

Answer 2

Lymph
Lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic tissues
Lymphocytes

Question 3

How is lymph different from IF?

Lymphatic Fluid

Answer 3

Contains immune cells

Question 4

Why does lymph have a “milky” appearance?

Lymphatic Fluid

Answer 4

Absorbed dietary lipids

Question 5

Lymphatic vessels are often called what?

Lymphatic vessels

Answer 5

Lymphatics

Question 6

Where does the lymphatic network begin?

Lymphatic Vessels

Answer 6

Lymphatic capillaries

Question 7

In what ways are Lymph capillaries different from blood capillaries?

Lymphatic Vessels: Capillaries

Answer 7

Closed @ one end
Larger diameter
Thinner walls

Question 8

What is the purpose of overlapping endothelial cells in lymph capillaries?

Lymphatic Vessels: Capillaries

Answer 8

One-way valve permitting entry

Due to pressure changes

Question 9

What are lacteals?

Lymphatic Vessels: Capillaries

Answer 9

capillaries located in small intestine
Carry dietary lipids

Question 10

What is Chyle

Lymphatic Vessels: Capillaries

Answer 10

Creamy white lymph in lacteals

Question 11

Lymphatic vessels are similar to veins in what way?

Lymphatic Vessels

Answer 11

Contain valves to prevent backflow
Vessel bulges at each valve

Question 12

Superficial lymphatics are located where?

Lymphatic Vessels

Answer 12

Subcutaneous layer of skin
Mucous membranes
Serous membranes

Question 13

Deep lymphatics are located where?

Lymphatic Vessels

Answer 13

skeletal muscles, organs of neck, limbs, trunk

Question 14

6 steps of lympatic flow

From periphery to central vasculature

Lymphatic Flow

Answer 14

1. Begins as IF
2. Enter lymphatic capillaries
3. Travel to regional lymph nodes
4. Enter lymphatic trunks
5. Drain into R or L lymphatic duct
6. Return lymph to blood at subclavian veins

Question 15

What are the 5 principle lymphatic trunks

Lymphatic flow: Lymphatic Trunks

Answer 15

Lumbar
Intestinal
Bronchomediastinal
subclavian
jugular

Question 16

Which two ducts do Lymphatic trunks drain into?

Lymphatic Flow: Lymphatic ducts

Answer 16

Thoracic duct
Right lymphatic duct

Question 17

Thoracic duct collects lymph from?

Lymphatic Flow: Lymphatic Ducts

Answer 17

Entire body inferior to diaphragm
Left side superior to diaphragm

Question 18

Right lymphatic duct collects lymph from?

Lymphatic Flow: Lymphatic Ducts

Answer 18

Right side superior to diaphragm

Question 19

Where does the Thoracic duct begin?

Lymphatic Flow: Lymphatic ducts

Answer 19

Cisterna chyli (anterior to L2)

Question 20

How does lymph move

Lymph movement

Answer 20

1. Pressure in interstitial space
2. Skeletal muscle contractions
3. Pressure during breathing

Question 21

What is lymphedema?

Lymphadema

Answer 21

Blocked lymphatic drainage
most often in limbs

Question 22

Lymphoid tissues may be either?

Lymphoid tissues

Answer 22

Lymphoid nodules
lymphoid organs

Question 23

What are lymphoid nodules

Lymphiod tissues

Answer 23

densely packed lymphocytes in area of areolar tissue

no capsules

Question 24

What are lymphoid organs?

Lymphoid tissues

Answer 24

Separated from surrouding tissues w/ capsule

Question 25

What are two groups of Lymphoid tissues? ## Footnote Lymphoid tissues

Answer 25

Primary lymphatic tissues Secondary lymphatic tissues

Question 26

What composes secondary lymphatic tissues

Answer 26

lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic nodules Where lymphocytes activated/cloned

Question 27

What composes Primary lymphatic tissues

Answer 27

Red bone marrow thymus Where lymphocytes are made/matured

Question 28

What occurs in RED BONE MARROW

Answer 28

Give rise to immunocompetant B cells Pre-T cells (migrate to thymus)

Question 29

What occurs in thymus?

Answer 29

produces hormones (thymosins) for T-cell development

Question 30

Where is the thymus located?

Answer 30

* Mediastinum (posterior to sternum) Covered in capsule dividing into R and L lobes

Question 31

What does each thymus lobule consist of?

Answer 31

Dark outer cortex Lighter cental medulla

Question 32

What does the cortex of the thymus do?

Answer 32

Regulates T cell development within epithelial reticular cells

Question 33

What happens at the outer cortex of the thymus

Answer 33

Detritic cells: t-cell maturation Epithelial cells: educate T-cells Macrophages: clear out cells surviving T-cells enter inner medulla

Question 34

After 3 weeks T cells enter medulla? How many survive?

Answer 34

2% survive and enter medulla. Rest apoptosis death

Question 35

What are lymph nodes?

Answer 35

small lymphoid organs surrounded by firbous connective capsule

Question 36

Where are large lymph glands located?

Answer 36

Neck, groin, axillae

Question 37

What is the function of lymph nodes?

Answer 37

Remove 99% of pathogens before returning to bloodstream

Question 38

Where are important lymph nodes located

Answer 38

Head and neck Arms Legs

Question 39

What are lymph nodes covered by?

Answer 39

Dense CT

Question 40

What do trabeculae do in lymph nodes?

Answer 40

Divide into compartments support route for blood vessels

Question 41

What is a lymph node stroma?

Answer 41

composed of capsule, trabeculae, reticular fibres, fibroblasts

Question 42

How does the lymph node function

Answer 42

Foreign substances trapped in reticular fibres in sinuses Macrophages destory Lymphocytes create immune response

Question 43

What is a hilum in the lymph node?

Answer 43

indentation where vessels enter node

Question 44

What is the spleen composed of?

Answer 44

Largest mass of lymphoid tissue in the body

Question 45

What are the functions of spleen?

Answer 45

1. remove abnormal RBC 2. Store iron from RBC 3. Initaite immune response

Question 46

Describe the diaphragmatic surface of the spleen

Answer 46

smooth and convex conforms to shape of diaphragm and body wall

Question 47

What are the two indentations on the visceral surface of the spleen

Answer 47

Gastric area (stomach) Renal area (kidney)

Question 48

What is the internal anatomy of the spleen?

Answer 48

Outer capsule of collagen/elastic fibres Trabeculae Parenchyma

Question 49

What is parenchyma made of? How many types are there?

Answer 49

Made of pulp Red pulp White pulp

Question 50

What is white pulp in parenchyma ## Footnote spleen

Answer 50

lymphatic tissue arranged around central arteries

Question 51

What is red pulp in parenchyma? ## Footnote spleen

Answer 51

blood filled venous sinus called splenic Billroths cords

Question 52

What is the function of white pulp ## Footnote spleen

Answer 52

carry blood to central arteries of white pulp acts as immune filter

Question 53

What are the functions of red pulp? ## Footnote Spleen

Answer 53

removal of RBC and platelets Storage of platelets Production of blood cells during fetal life

Question 54

What is treatment of removing spleen called?

Answer 54

Splenectomy

Question 55

What are lymphoid nodules?

Answer 55

masses of lymphatic tissue with no capsule

Question 56

Where are lymphoid nodules located?

Answer 56

mucous membranes GI, urinary/reprod. tract/respiratory airways

Question 57

What is MALT? what does it do?

Answer 57

* * Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue Protect epithelia from pathogens and toxins

Question 58

What are tonsils? Where are they located?

Answer 58

* * Large lymphoid nodules on wall of pharynx location: pharyngeal, palatine, lingual

Question 59

What are two examples of MALT disorders?

Answer 59

Tonsillitis Appendicitis