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Biol 1410 > Blood, Lymph, Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Blood, Lymph, Lymphatic System Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

3 primary types of extracellular fluids

A
  • blood plasma
  • interstitial fluid
  • lymph
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2
Q

Blood plasm

A

fluid that surrounds blood cells

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3
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

(ISF) surrounds all cells except blood cells

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4
Q

Lymph

A

ISF that forms from blood plasma

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5
Q

Circulation of lymph is facilitated by..

A
  • skeletal muscle movement
  • valves in vessels to prevent backflow
  • pressure changes
  • smooth muscle contractions in walls of lymphatic vessels
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6
Q

Lymph nodes

A
  • located in carries spots along the length of the collecting vessels
  • filters the lymph that passes by, removing any micro-organisms, viruses or debris
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7
Q

Lymphatic capillaries ..

A
  • blind ended
  • drain into collecting tubules (thin walled and contain valves=no back flow)
  • flows unidirectionally (away from tissues)
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8
Q

Lymphatic vessels lead into either the..

A
  • right lymphatic duct

- thoracic duct

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9
Q

Right lymphatic duct entry point for lymph is..

A

anywhere other than the lower half of the body

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10
Q

Thoracic duct entry point for lymph is..

A

lower half of the body

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11
Q

Right lymphatic duct

A

dumps lymph into right subclavian vein reentering circulation

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12
Q

Thoracic duct

A

dumps lymph into the left subclavian vein (begins as the cistern chyli in abdomen)

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13
Q

2 classes of lymphatic organs

A
  • primary

- secondary

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14
Q

Primary lymphatic organs and tissues includes

A
  • red bone marrow

- thymus gland

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15
Q

Red bone marrow

A

B lymphocytes mature and proliferate (mitosis). in developing fetus this is the location of T and B lymphocyte origin

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16
Q

Thymus gland

A

T lymphocytes mature and proliferate (mitosis)

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17
Q

3 secondary lymphatic organs and tissues

A
  • lymph nodes
  • spleen
  • tonsils
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18
Q

Lymph nodes locations

A

cervical (neck), axillary (armpit), inguinal (groin), intestinal, pelvic (abdomen)

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19
Q

Spleen function

A

filters blood and destroys old red blood cells, bacteria and toxins (T and B lymphocytes proliferate here)

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20
Q

5 types of tonsils

A
  • pharyngeal (1)
  • palatine (2)
  • lingual (2)
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21
Q

Lingual tonsils

A

2 located at base of tongue

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22
Q

Lymph system functions in ..

A

the bodily defence against infection

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23
Q

Lymph system os composed of ..

A
  • lymph
  • lymphatic organs and tissues
  • lymphatic vessels and capillaries
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24
Q

90% of all ISF …

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A

reenters the blood

25
10% of all ISF (extracellular fluid)...
enters into the lymphatic capillaries
26
Lymph nodes filter..
lymph and activate the immune system when an infectious agent is located (T and B lymphocytes proliferate mitotically here)
27
Palatine tonsils
2 located in oropharynx (commonly removed)
28
Pharyngeal tonsils
1 located in nasopharynx (adenoids when enlarged)
29
Blood is composed of ..
cells (formed elements) and plasma (bathes the cells)
30
Blood characteristics
- higher viscosity than water - 4-6 l of blood per adult - pH ranges from 7.35 to 7.45 - temp is steady at 38C (higher than body temp due to movement)
31
Blood plasma components
- 90% is water - 8% is protein (albumin for tissue osmolarity and pH, fibrinogen for clot formation, and globulins) - 2% other solutes (O2 CO2, ions, nutrients, hormones)
32
Blood formed elements
-consists of erythrocytes (RBC), WBC and platelets
33
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
- loose their nucleus once they reach maturity (anuclear) - lives for 120 days then broken down by spleen - 4.3-5.8 million RBC per mm3 of blood
34
RBC produced in the ..
red bone marrow of adults (ribs and sternum)
35
RBC contain large quantities of ..
hemoglobin (Hb)
36
Hemeglobin is composed of ..
- heme | - 4 protein chains (global chains)
37
Heme component of blood is..
pigmented and responsible for the characteristics of red color
38
Iron in heme
binds to and transports O2 gas through body
39
When RBC are broken down the iron is .. and the heme is..
- recycled for reuse | - the remainder of heme is converted to bilirubin which is used as a component of bile
40
Bile is..
synthesized and released from the liver and stored in the gall bladder (released from the gall bladder when needed for digestion)
41
Iron is always attached to a ..
carrier protein (transferrin in blood) because free iron is toxic
42
Globulin portion of RBC
transports CO2 throughout the blood (only 20% of total CO2 transport occur this way)
43
The hematocrit is the ..
percentage of blood volume that is RBC (usually 40%)
44
WBC characteristics
- leukocytes - alive at maturity - much larger than RBC - function to fight off infection - live for many years - 5000-10,000 WBC per mm3 pf blood (increases during infection)
45
2 classes of WBC
- agranulocytes | - granulocytes
46
3 types of granulocytes
- neutrophils - eosinophils - basophils
47
Neutrophils
function as phagocytes (60%) of all WBC
48
Eosinophils
function to destroy parasites and control inflammation by turning off inflammatory mediators. they phagocytize antigen antibody complexes (2.4% of WBC)
49
Basophils
produce histamines (allergy inflammation) and heparin (decreases blood clotting). (0-1% of all WBC)
50
Agranulocytes composed of ..
lymphocytes and monocytes
51
Lymphocytes
- 20-25% of WBC - responsible for adaptive immunity (specific immune response) - numbers increase during infection
52
2 types of lymphocytes
- T lymphocytes | - B lymphocytes
53
T lymphocytes
responsible for the activation of the immune response and the killing of infected host cells
54
B lymphocytes
develop into plasma cells that produce and secrete immunoglobulins (antibodies)
55
Monocytes
- called macrophages when mature - macrophages are present in tissue (not found in the blood) - professional phagocytes - 4-8% of WBC
56
Platelets
- important in blood clots - produced from fragmentation of megakaryocytes - short life span (5-10 days) - 250,000-500,000 per mm3 of blood
57
Hematopoiesis referred to the ..
generation of all formed elements present in the blood (RBC, WBC, platelets)
58
Hemocytoblasts are ..
hematopoietic stem cells located in red bone marrow (hemocytoblasts --> reticulocytes --> red blood cells)
59
Red bone marrow in adults is located in ..
axial skeleton, proximal ends of humerus and femur, and the pectoral and pelvic girdles

Biol 1410 (17 decks)

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