Endocrine System

Question 1

Endocrine system

Answer 1

secrete chemicals (hormones) into blood

Question 2

Endocrine system is composed of ..

Answer 2

ductless glands and endocrine tissues

Question 3

3 types of hormones

Answer 3

• steroids
• hormones derived from amino acids
• peptide and protein hormones

Question 4

Steroids

Answer 4

derived from cholesterol which is a lipid (testosterone, vitamin D and estrogen)

Question 5

2 hormones derived from amino acids

Answer 5

• tyrosine

- tryptophan

Question 6

Tyrosine

Answer 6

amino acid used to make thyroid hormone (thyroxine)

Question 7

Tryptophan

Answer 7

amino acid used to make serotonin and melatonin

Question 8

Peptide and protein hormones

Answer 8

formed from chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds. hydrophilic and water soluble (oxytocin and growth hormone)

Question 9

Endocrine glands are glands with..

Answer 9

no other function than to secrete hormones

Question 10

4 endocrine glans

Answer 10

• pituitary gland
• thyroid gland
• parathyroid gland
• adrenal gland

Question 11

Pituitary gland

Answer 11

suspended from hypothalamus, is in sella turcica of sphenoid bone, highly vascular (allows release of hormones directly into blood)

Question 12

2 lobes of the pituitary gland

Answer 12

• anterior pituitary

- posterior pituitary

Question 13

Anterior pituitary secretes hormones that ..

Answer 13

affect growth, metabolism and reproduction

Question 14

Anterior pituitary hormone secretion regulated by..

Answer 14

hormones released by the hypothalamus

Question 15

6 Hormones secreted from the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 15

• growth hormone (GH)
• thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
• Leutinizing hormone (LH)
• prolactin (PRL)
• follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 16

Growth hormone

Answer 16

promotes growth or metabolism

Question 17

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 17

stimulates secretion of thyroid

Question 18

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 18

stimulates secretion adrenal steroids

Question 19

3 reproductive hormones

Answer 19

• luteinizing hormone (LH)
• follicle stimulating hormone
• prolactin (PRL)

Question 20

Prolactin

Answer 20

stimulates milk formation

Question 21

Posterior pituitary

Answer 21

An extension of the hypothalamus that is formed from nervous tissue

Question 22

Hormones produced in the hypothalamus, stored and secreted from the posterior pituitary are..

Answer 22

• oxytocin

- antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 23

Oxytocin

Answer 23

stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth

Question 24

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 24

(vasopressin) stimulates water reabsorption in the kidney

Question 25

Thyroid gland

Answer 25

on the superior surface of the trachea (below the trachea) butterfly shaped

Question 26

Thryoid gland is composed of two different cell types each with their own hormones ..

Answer 26

- follicles: epithelial cells | - parafollicles: surrounds the follicle

Question 27

Follicles of thyroid gland

Answer 27

produce thyroxine (t4) hormone. controls metabolism, growth and development. produced in lumen of the gland and is secreted from the cell.

Question 28

Parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin which...

Answer 28

stimulates calcium uptake by bone, decreasing plasma calcium (builds bone matrix)

Question 29

Parathyroid glands are located ..

Answer 29

4 glands located in posterior surface of the thyroid gland

Question 30

Parathyroid glands secrete

Answer 30

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 31

Parathyroid hormone increases ..

Answer 31

calcium levels by breaking down bone matrix (osteoclasts)

Question 32

Adrenal glands located on

Answer 32

superior surface of each kidney

Question 33

The two adrenal glands

Answer 33

- adrenal cortex | - adrenal medulla

Question 34

Adrenal cortex secretes..

Answer 34

steroids only

Question 35

3 layers of adrenal cortex

Answer 35

- zona glomerulosa - zona fasciculata - zona reticularis

Question 36

Zona glomerulosa

Answer 36

secretes mineralocorticoids (mainly aldosterone) for salt balance

Question 37

Zona fasciculata

Answer 37

secretes glucocorticoids (predominately cortisol which regulates the stress response)

Question 38

Zona reticularis

Answer 38

secretes androgens (small amounts of testosterone which functions in female sex drive)

Question 39

2 main hormones of the adrenal medulla

Answer 39

-epinephrine (80%) -norepinephrine (20%) (combat short term stress)

Question 40

Endocrine tissues

Answer 40

found in organs that have additional functions

Question 41

3 main endocrine tissues

Answer 41

- pancreas (islets of the langerhans) - hypothalamus - gonads

Question 42

Pancreas- islets of the langerhans 2 cell types

Answer 42

- alpha cells | - beta cells

Question 43

Alpha cells

Answer 43

secrete glucagon: used to increase blood glucose during a hypoglycaemic state

Question 44

Beta cells

Answer 44

secrete insulin (decrease blood glucose)

Question 45

Testes

Answer 45

leydig cells secrete testosterone

Question 46

Ovaries

Answer 46

primary and secondary follicles secrete estrogen and the corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone

Question 47

Corpus luteum =

Answer 47

estrogen and progesterone

Question 48

Hormones circulate thought the blood acting on ..

Answer 48

target cells (any cell that has a receptor for specific hormone

Question 49

Regulating hormones are released from the ..

Answer 49

hypothalamus and regulate the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland

Question 50

Parathyroid hormone can increase blood calcium levels by ..

Answer 50

- decreasing calcium excretion from kidney | - increasing vitamin D activation in kidney (which increases calcium reabsorption in intestine)

Question 51

Hypothalamus has 3 endocrine functions

Answer 51

- produce regulatory hormones that either stimulate or inhibit release of hormones from the anterior pituitary - synthesizes hormones that are release from posterior pituitary - nervous functions (control body temp, thirst, urine output, hunger, etc)

Question 52

Other endocrine tissues

Answer 52

- digestive tract (secretin) - heart (atrial natriuretic peptide) - kidney (renin) - placenta (reproductive hormone)