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Biol 1410 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues

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2
Q

Tissue

A

a group of cells with similar structure and function

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3
Q

4 major tissue types

A
  • Epithelial Tissue
  • Connective Tissue
  • Muscle Tissue
  • Nervous Tissue
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4
Q

Membrane junctions

A

points of contact between adjacent cells - seen in epithelial tissue, some nervous and muscle cells

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5
Q

3 types of membrane junctions

A
  • tight
  • Desmosomes
  • gap
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6
Q

Tight junctions

A

Protein molecules in the cell membrane fuse together. Serve to prevent substances from passing in between cell

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7
Q

Desmosomes junctions

A

Loose attachments, Use linker proteins to join adjacent cells

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8
Q

Gap junctions

A
  • Protein channels that connect adjacent cells
  • Allow direct communication between cells
  • Allow substances to pass from the inside of one cell to the inside of another
  • Extremely important in smooth muscle and cardiac muscle cells
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9
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Found on all of the body surfaces and lines all of the body cavities

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10
Q

Connective tissue

A

connecting tissue

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11
Q

Muscle tissue

A

contractile tissue

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12
Q

Nervous tissue

A

signalling tissue

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13
Q

Characteristics of epithelial

A
  • one free membrane that sits on top of a basement membrane
  • held together by tight junctions
  • avascular (lacks blood vessels
  • reproduce via mitotic division
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14
Q

basement membrane

A

extracellular layer, attaches epithelium to underlying CT layer

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15
Q

Number of cell layers of epithelial

A
  • simple
  • stratified
  • pseudo stratified
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16
Q

Simple epithelial

A

A single cell layer with one free surface, that sits atop a basement membrane

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17
Q

Stratified epithelium

A

Several cell layers with one free surface.

the basal/bottom-most layer sits atop a basement membrane

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18
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium:

A

Appears as more than one layer but all cells really do sit on top of the same basement membrane –> a single cell layer

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19
Q

Squamous

A

Irregularly shaped, scale-like cells

Found on the outer surfaces of the skin –> resist abrasion

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20
Q

Cuboidal

A

Cube-shaped cells

Specialized for secretion and absorption

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21
Q

Columnar

A

Column-shaped cells

Specialized for secretion and absorption

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22
Q

Cell shape of epithelial

A
  • squamous
  • cuboidal
  • columnar
  • transitional
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23
Q

Transitional

A

Stratified cell layer but the appearance varies with stretching (bladder)

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24
Q

Epithelial tissue classification

A

Layer and shape are classified together

Example: stratified squamous epithelium, simple cuboidal

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25
Glandular epithelial
Epithelial tissue of the glandular subtype | -Adapted for secretion
26
Glandular epithelial subtypes
- exocrine gland | - endocrine gland
27
exocrine gland
secrete products onto surface or cavity
28
exocrine glands can be..
- single celled (goblet cells) (Secrete mucous into a cavity) - multicellular (secretory and duct cells) (ex: Sudoriferous glands, Sebaceous glands, and salivary glands)
29
endocrine glands
no ducts Secretions are called hormones Release hormones directly into blood Example: thyroid gland secretes thyroid hormone
30
Functions of epithelial
- protection (stratified squamous) - secretion (glandular epithelium ) - control of permeability (exchange of material, simple epithelia)
31
Connective tissue consist of cells..
that are separated from one another by a matrix
32
Extracellular matrix (ECM) of CT
surrounds the cells of the connective tissue | provides the connective tissue with its characteristics
33
CT cell types
cell name ending in: - Blast: form and secrete the matrix - Cyte: maintain the matrix - Clast: break down the matrix
34
Matrix composition
proteins fibers, ground substance, and water
35
Protein fibers are..
- collagen (strength) | - elastic (elastin, allow stretch and recoil)
36
Ground substance
unstructured material located between the cells contains fibers Example: chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid
37
Three primary characteristics of connective tissue include:
1: Highly vascular with some exceptions (Cartilage is an avascular connective tissue) 2: A lot of extracellular matrix (Keeps the cells far apart from one another) 3: Primary function is to support and connect the tissues in the body
38
Types of connective tissue
- Connective Tissue Proper - Cartilage - Bone - Blood
39
types of CT proper cells
loose and dense
40
2 type of Loose CT
areolar and adipose
41
Areolar CT
loosely arranged collagen and elastin fibres, surrounded by ground substance. highly vascular
42
Adipose CT
very little matrix, large calls (adipocytes/store fat triglyceride), look like chicken wire, highly vascular Functions in shock absorption, insulation and energy storage
43
2 types of dense CT
dense regular and dense irregular
44
Dense irregular
composed of fibroblast cells very little matrix composed of bundles of collagen fibers Fibers are larger and run in more than one direction Found in areas of the body where there is pull in more than one direction Example: the dermis of the skin
45
Dense regular
``` Cells are fibroblasts Very little ground substance Bundles of collagen fibers packed very close together All run in the same direction Poor vasculature Forms tendons Serve to attach muscle to bone ```
46
Cartilage cells
are called chondrocytes and found inside of compartments called lacunae, avascular
47
Cartilage matrix formed of..
- tightly bound collagen fibers - ground substance (chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid - water (80%)
48
Bone cells are called
osteocytes and located in organized structures called lacunae and highly vascular
49
Bone matrix formed of..
- Densely packed collagen fibers - Inorganic calcium and phosphate salts --->collectively called hydroxyapetite crystals - Water
50
Blood cells are..
red blood cells and white blood cells
51
Blood matrix formed of..
plasma
52
Muscle tissue
contractile (can shorten and lengthen)
53
3 subtypes of muscle tissue
- skeletal - cardiac - smooth
54
Nervous tissues cell types
- neurone: conduct electrical impulses. | - glial cells: support and protect neurons
55
2 types of bone
spongey and compact
56
Skeletal muscle
Striated | Used for voluntary movemen
57
Cardiac muscle
Striated Found in the heart Involuntary movement
58
Smooth muscle
Non-striated Found in areas that are required to stretch (esophagus, bladder, uterus) Involuntary movement
59
Membranes
Composed of two or more tissues therefore membranes are very simple organs Form continuous multi-cellular sheets
60
3 types of membranes
1. Mucous membranes: mucosa 2. Serous membranes: serosa 3. Cutaneous membranes: skin
61
Mucous membrane
line cavities that open to the outside of the body (Example: reproductive tract, respiratory tract, digestive tract)
62
Whats present in mucous membrane
- epithelial layer (Can be simple squamous or pseudostratified) - connective tissue layer (Always areolar and Called the lamina proper when part of the mucous membrane)
63
Serous membranes
line cavities that do not open to the outside of the body (Example: thoracic cavity (chest cavity), abdominal cavity) Covers the organs that are located within these cavities
64
Serous double membrane composed of
of epithelial and connective tissues - The visceral layer covers the organs - The parietal layer is against the wall of the thoracic and abdominal cavitiy
65
The pericardium surrounds the.. and what layers touch what surfaces
heart Visceral layer contacts the heart surface parietal layer contacts the mediastinum
66
The pleura surrounds the.. and what layers touch what surfaces
lungs Visceral layer contacts the lung surface parietal layer contact the thoracic cavity wall
67
The peritoneum surrounds the.. and what layers touch what surfaces
the abdominal cavity and the viscera Visceral layer contacts the viscera parietal layer contacts the abdominal cavity wall

Biol 1410 (17 decks)

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