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Biol 1410 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

2 subdivisions of respiratory system

A
  • upper

- lower

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2
Q

Upper respiratory system contains

A

nose, nasal cavity, pharynx

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3
Q

Lower respiratory system contains

A

larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs

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4
Q

Respiratory system lined with ….

A

mucosa

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5
Q

Tissue types in respiratory system

A

epithelial tissue and connective tissue

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6
Q

Subtype of epithelial tissue

A

ciliated psuedostratified columnar

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7
Q

Connective tissue layer of all mucosa =

A

lamina propria

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8
Q

Nose made up of

A

bone and hyaline cartilage

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9
Q

Nostrils also known as

A

nares

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10
Q

Nasal cavity function

A
  • airway passage
  • olfaction
  • speech
  • moisten, warm, filter incoming air
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11
Q

Nasal cavity divided by..

A

nasal septum

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12
Q

Anterior part of nasal septum

A

hyaline cartilage

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13
Q

Posterior part of nasal cavity

A

vomer, ethmoid, maxillae, palatine bones

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14
Q

4 areas of nasal cavity

A
  • anterior vestibule
  • respiratory area
  • olfactory area
  • left and right sides of cavity
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15
Q

Anterior vestibule

A

anterior region lined by skin and hair

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16
Q

Respiratory area is the ____ area

A

posterior

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17
Q

Mucosa in respiratory area subtype

A

ciliated pseudo stratified epithelium and CT

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18
Q

What protrudes from walls of respiratory area

A

chonchae

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19
Q

3 chonchae in respiratory area

A
  • superior
  • middle
  • inferior
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20
Q

Inferior nasal chonchae

A

nasal meatuses (shallow grooves)

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21
Q

Function of chonchae and meatuses

A

cause air turbulence to knock out dust

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22
Q

Lacrimal duct opens to..

A

respiratory area, just below inferior nasal chonchae

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23
Q

Olfactory area

A

sense of smell, roof of nasal cavity

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24
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

8 air filled spaces in skill that open directly into nasal cavity

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25
8 paranasal sinuses are paired and located in..
frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillae
26
Function of paranasal sinuses
warm, moisten air, and lighten skill
27
Sinusitis
inflammation of mucous membrane
28
Pharynx also known as..
throat
29
3 regions of the pharynx
- nasopharynx - oropharynx - laryngopharynx
30
Nasopharynx
posterior to nasal cavity, air passage only
31
Nasopharynx contains
- pharyngeal tonsil - 2 posterior nasal apertures - 2 eustachian tubes
32
Oropharynx
posterior to oral cavity, air and food passage
33
Subtype tissue of oropharynx
stratified squamous epithelium
34
Oropharynx contains
- palatine tonsils | - lingual tonsil
35
Oropharynx goes from the ______ to top of ______
soft palate; epiglottis
36
Laryngopharynx
air and food passage
37
Subtype tissue of laryngopharynx
stratified squamous epithelium
38
Laryngopharynx goes from the _____ to opening of _____
epiglottis; larynx
39
Larynx is also known as..
voice-box
40
Larynx
air passage only, made of 9 hyaline cartilage
41
Unpaired cartilage of larynx
- thyroid cartilage - cricoid cartilage - epiglottis
42
Thyroid cartilage
on anterior wall, adams apple
43
Cricoid cartilage
forms complete ring
44
Epiglottis
covers glottis during swallowing, elastic cartilage
45
Paired cartilage
arytenoid cartilage: attaches vocal cords
46
Vocal cords
2 paired folds in the mucosa
47
Vestibular fold
false vocal cords, superior fold
48
Vocal fold
true vocal cords, inferior fold produce sound by vibration
49
Glottis
true vocal cords and opening, closes to prevent food/liquid from entering trachea
50
Laryngitis
inflammation of larynx
51
Trachea connects..
larynx to main bronchi
52
Trachea consists of ..
20 C shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage, open part of C faces esophagus allowing expansion
53
Right and left lung suppurated by..
mediastinum
54
Right lung lobes
- superior - middle - inferior
55
Left lung lobe and notch
- inferior - superior - cardiac notch for heart
56
Pleura is
serious membrane
57
Visceral pleura
on surface of lung
58
Parietal pleura
on inner thoracic wall, superior diaphragm and mediastinum
59
Pleural cavity filled with..
serous fluid
60
Pleural cavity
prevents friction when lungs move, holds lungs to thoracic cavity wall
61
Respiratory zone consists of..
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
62
Respiratory zone
O2 enters blood, CO2 enters air
63
Gas exchange occurs mainly in..
alveoli
64
3 layers of the respiratory membrane
- wall of alveolus - basement membrane of alveolus and capillary - wall of capillary
65
Wall of alveolus
- simple epithelium | - made of 3 cell types
66
3 cell types of alveolus wall
- type 1 of alveolar cells - type 2 of alveolar cells - macrophages
67
Type 1 alveolar cells
simple squamous, allow gas diffusion`
68
Type 2 alveolar cells
simple cuboidal, secrete surfactant and allows lung to expand w/ ease
69
Macrophages
free moving across surface of type 1 cells, remove dust and debris
70
Wall of capillary
simple squamous epithelium
71
2 routes of blood supply to the lungs
- pulmonary circulation | - bronchial circulation
72
Bronchial circulation
blood to nourish lung tissue
73
Bronchial arteries
arise from aorta, carry oxy blood to lung tissues except respiratory portion
74
Returning heart blood drains into..
- bronchial vein OR | - pulmonary veins
75
Pulmonary edema
accumulation of fluid in the lungs
76
Tuberculosis
thickens respiratory membrane (lung tissue replaced by fibrous CT), decreased lung elasticity and gas exchange area
77
Pulmonary embolism
blockage of pulmonary vasculature (due to blood clot)
78
Pneumothorax
entry of air into pleural cavity, causes lung collapse
79
Emphysema
alveolar walls break, fewer larger alveoli, decreased elasticity and recoil (hard to breathe and less air out)
80
Respiratory muscles are all..
skeletal
81
Inspiration
diaphragm and external intercostals contract
82
Expiration
diaphragm and external intercostals relax
83
exhaling =
passive

Biol 1410 (17 decks)

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