Blood Supply To The Head And Neck

Question 1

Origin of right and left subclavian artery

Answer 1

right is from brachiocephalic trunk(has only a cervical part)
-left is from arch of aorta(has a cervical and thoracic part)

Question 2

The brachiocephalic trunk bifurcated at what point

Answer 2

Sternoclavicular joint

Question 3

SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

divided into - parts by the-

Answer 3

3

Scalenus anterior

Question 4

Origin of Costocervical trunk on the right subclavian artery and left subclavian artery

Answer 4

note that the Costocervical trunk is from the second part on the right and first part on The left

Question 5

largest branch of first part of subclavian artery

Answer 5

Vertebral artery

Question 6

Vertebral artery is divided into - parts
State their regions

And ending of vertebral artery is?

Answer 6

divided into 4 parts; 1st is from origin to foramen transversarium of C6; second is from FT C6 to FT C1; third is from FT C1 to foramen magnum; fourth is from foramen magnum to lower pons
-it ends by merging with its brother to form basilar arteyy

Question 7

What originates from the
 inferior part of subclavian 
Opposite the inferior part of subclavian 
Largest branch of subclavian 
Shorts and wide branch of subclavian

Answer 7

Internal thoracic
Thyrocervical trunk
Vertebral artery
Costocervical trunk

Question 8

At what level does the internal thoracic artery terminal and into what?

Answer 8

6th intercoastal space

By becoming musculophrenic artery and superior epigastric artery

Question 9

Internal thoracic artery enters the thorax anterior or posterior to the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 9

Posterior to

Question 10

Branches of the thyrocervical trunk

Answer 10

Inferior thyroid artery
Transverse cervical artery
Suprascapular artery

Question 11

Branches of Costocervical trunk

Answer 11

A deep cervical branch

2 posterior intercoastal branch

Question 12

Origin and alternative origin on dorsal scapula artery

Answer 12

either a direct branch or deep branch of transverse cervical artery

Question 13

Arteries involved in the arterial anastomoses of scapula

Answer 13

Deep branch of transverse cervical artery
Suprascapular artery

Subscapular artery(3rd part of axillary)
Circumflex scapula artery (branch of subscapula)

Question 14

Origin of the right and left common carotid artery

Answer 14

right carotid originates from a bifurcation at right sternoclavicular joint
-left is directly from arch of aorta

Question 15

Branches of the common carotid in the neck

Answer 15

the 2 common carotid arteries do not give any branch in the neck

Question 16

Point of bifurcation of the common carotid arteries

Answer 16

the common carotid arteries bifurcate at C4(level of superior margin of thyroid cartilage )

Question 17

Which triangle does bifurcation of common carotid artery occur

Answer 17

this bifurcation occurs in the carotid triangle

Question 18

Orientation of the external carotid vs internal carotid

Answer 18

has a curved course making it anteromedial to internal carotid at the lower part and anterolateral to it at the upper part

Question 19

External carotid artery supplies which areas of the body

Answer 19

supplies areas of head and neck external to the cranium

Question 20

External carotid artery travels up behind the ——- but anterior to —— and bifurcates in the ——- into—— and ——-

Answer 20

travels up the neck; posterior to mandibular neck but anterior to the lobule of the ear
-ends within the parotid gland by dividing into superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery (deep)

Question 21

How many non- terminal branches does External carotid artery have?

Answer 21

has 6 branches in total

Question 22

List the branches of the External carotid artery

Answer 22

Superior thyroid artery 
Ascending pharyngeal artery 
Lingual artery 
Facial artery 
Occipital artery 
Posterior auricular artery

Question 23

Orientation of the branches of the External carotid artery

Superior thyroid artery 
Ascending pharyngeal artery 
Lingual artery 
Facial artery 
Occipital artery 
Posterior auricular artery

Answer 23

arises from front of ECA ,just below the tip of greater Cornu of hyoid bone
medial aspect of ECA
from front of ECA, opposite the tip of greater Cornu of hyoid bone
from front of ECA , just above the tip of greater Cornu of hyoid bone
from back of ECA just above the tip of greater Cornu of hyoid bone
Back of ECA Above occipital

Question 24

What is the main arterial supply of the tongue

Answer 24

Lingual artery

Question 25

Lingual artery may originate from —- instead of as a direct branch of ECA Lingual artery is divided into - by - muscle

Answer 25

Linguofacial trunk 3 parts by hyoglossus muscle

Question 26

Which branches of the ECA runs along the lower and upper border of the posterior belly of digastric muscle

Answer 26

Lower: occipital Above: posterior auricular

Question 27

Branches of internal carotid artery in the neck

Answer 27

do not supply any structures in the neck

Question 28

The internal carotid artery enters the cranium through which canal located where

Answer 28

Carotid canal located in the Petrous part of temporal bone

Question 29

atherosclerosis of the internal carotid can lead to?

Answer 29

Cerebral ischemia (stroke)

Question 30

Orientation of the subclavian vein

Answer 30

- joins with IJV at the medial border of scalenus anterior - subclavian vein is located infront of and a bit lower than the subclavian artery - located anterior to scalene anterior muscle

Question 31

Does subclavian veins have valves If yes, where If no, why

Answer 31

Yes | 2cm from its Point of termination

Question 32

Tributaries of the subclavian vein

Answer 32

External jugular vein , cepjalic vein, anterior jugular vein (sometimes), dorsal scapular vein, thoracic duct on the left and right lymphatic duct on the right

Question 33

List the major jugular veins

Answer 33

3 main; external, internal, anterior

Question 34

External jugular vein is formed by the union of —

Answer 34

Posterior auricular vein and Posterior branch of retromandibular vein

Question 35

External jugular vein is formed at which point

Answer 35

Posterior to the angle of mandible , inferior to outer ear

Question 36

List the tributaries of the External jugular vein

Answer 36

``` Posterior External jugular vein Anterior jugular vein Oblique jugular vein Transverse cervical vein Suprascapular vein ```

Question 37

Surface marking of the External jugular vein

Answer 37

A line from neck of mandible to middle of clavicle

Question 38

External jugular vein : has how many valves Their location Functions

Answer 38

2 valves One at its site of termination, the other if 4cm above the clavicle They do no prevent the regurgitation of blood

Question 39

How do the 2 anterior jugular veins communicate

Answer 39

Through the jugular venous arch

Question 40

Course of the anterior jugular vein

Answer 40

descends in superficial fascia then pierces the DCV 1 inch above the jugular notch to enter suprasternal space of burns -then turns laterally Sharply, goes deep to SCM and empties into the EJV

Question 41

What is the largest vein in the neck

Answer 41

Internal jugular vein

Question 42

Internal jugular vein begins as a continuation of —-

Answer 42

Sigmoid sinus

Question 43

Internal jugular vein exits the skull through?

Answer 43

Jugular foramen

Question 44

The superior most and inferior most parts of the Internal jugular vein are?

Answer 44

Superior bulb and inferior bulb

Question 45

Function of the valve of the inferior bulb of Internal jugular vein

Answer 45

has a valve to stop back flow of blood

Question 46

Which is larger between the right and left internal jugular veins

Answer 46

-right Is usually larger than left because it drain the larger superior sagittal sinus while left drains the smaller inferior sagittal sinus

Question 47

Surface marking of internal jugular vein

Answer 47

Marked from midpoint of tip of mastoid process and angle of mandible to sternoclavicular joint

Question 48

Tributaries of internal jugular vein

Answer 48

Common facial vein, lingual, superior and middle thyroid,internal petrosal vein, pharyngeal vein

Question 49

What is the most important tributary of the Internal jugular vein

Answer 49

Common facial vein

Question 50

Who is more anterior at the beginning Internal jugular vein or internal carotid artery

Answer 50

ICA lies in front of IJV in the beginning and the last 4 cranial nerves lie in between them

Question 51

Internal jugular vein is crossed by - muscles, -veins,- nerves, - arteries

Answer 51

2 muscles, 2 arteries, 1 vein, 2 nerves

Question 52

Function of oblique jugular vein

Answer 52

oblique jugular vein may connect EJV and IJV

Question 53

Which nodes like the Internal jugular vein full length

Answer 53

Deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 54

What happens at the lower end to both Internal jugular vein

Answer 54

At the lower end, both the internal jugular veins (right and left) tend to shift to the right, so that the right comes to lie further lateral to the right common carotid artery while the left tends to overlap the left common carotid artery.

Question 55

DURAL venous sinuses are spaces between?

Answer 55

spaces between the periosteal and meningeal layers of dura matter

Question 56

Location of cavernous sinus

Answer 56

located next to the lateral aspect of the body of the sphenoid bone

Question 57

Tributaries of the cavernous sinuses

Answer 57

2 opthalamic veins, middle superficial cerebral veins, and sphenoparietal sinus

Question 58

Stuffs located within the cavernous sinus

Answer 58

Internal carotid artery | CN 3,4,5a,5b,and 6

Question 59

Function of the internal carotid artery in the cavernous sinus

Answer 59

to cool the arterial blood before it reaches the brain

Question 60

What connects the facial vein to the cavernous sinus and the implications of this connection

Answer 60

facial vein is connected to cavernous sinus by superior opthalamic vein -facial vein is valveless allowing infections from the facial vein to be spread to the sinuses

Question 61

Implication of infection in the cavernous sinuses

Answer 61

if the cavernous sinus gets infected, its contents are in danger

Question 62

Terminal branch of the opthalamic artery?

Answer 62

Dorsal nasal artery

Question 63

Middle meningeal artery is a branch of ——- which is a branch of ———

Answer 63

Maxillary artery; external carotid artery

Question 64

Mnemonic for maxillary artery branches is _____

Answer 64

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