Nose Flashcards
(87 cards)
1
Q
nose is the uppermost part of the respiratory tract
T/F
A
T
2
Q
Nose contains the peripheral organ of ____.
- The Greek Word for nose is _____.
- Thus the study of the nose and its diseases is termed ______.
A
smell
rhinos
rhinology
3
Q
functions of the nose includes Vocal resonance.
T/F
Nose is involved in Nasal reflex functions (e.g., _____).
A
T
sneezing
4
Q
EXTERNAL NOSE
Skin of the nose
- (thin or thick?)
- (tightly or loosely?) attached to the underlying structures,hence it is ____
A
Thin
Loosely
freely mobile.
5
Q
Skin of the external nose Over the apex and alae, is (thinner or thicker?) and more adherent and contains large sebaceous glands, whose orifices are usually very distinct.
-The (hypertrophy or hypotrophy?) of these sebaceous glands gives rise to a lobulated tumor—the ____.
A
Thicker
Hypertrophy
rhinophyma
6
Q
Skeleton of the nose
-_____-third of the external nose is bony and ___–third is cartilaginous.
A
upper one
lower two
7
Q
____bones forming the bridge of the nose and ____ process of the_____
A
2 nasal
frontal
maxillae
8
Q
The two nasal bones meet in the midline and rest on the upper part of the ____ process of the ____ bone.
A
nasal
frontal
9
Q
the nasal bones are held together between the ___ processes of the_____.
A
frontal
maxillae
10
Q
The bony part of external nose terminates in front and below as the _________.
A
piriform aperture
11
Q
The cartilaginous framework of the nose is formed by ____ main cartilages and several additional tiny ones.
A
five
12
Q
The five main cartilages of the nose are as follows: ______ cartilages, ______cartilage,____ cartilages.
A
Two Superior lateral
A single median septal
Two major inferior alar
13
Q
Nasal Cavity
- interior of the nose is divided into right and left nasal cavities by a_____
- nasal cavity communicates with the exterior through ______
- communicates with the nasopharynx through the posterior nasal aperture (or the____)
A
nasal septum
nostril (or naris)
choana
14
Q
Each nasal cavity is divided into two portions: (a) a small _____ part lined by ___,called the _____ and (b) a large ____ part lined by ______, called the ______
A
anteroinferior; skin; vestibule
posterosuperior;mucosa; nasal cavity proper.
15
Q
Vestibule of the nose
- (Superior or inferior?) to nostrils
- lined by ___ that is lined with Sebaceous glands,Greasy secretion,Collect dirt,Lubricate,Kill bacteria
- Its upper limit on the lateral wall of nasal cavity is marked by _____.
- Its medial wall is formed by a (immobile or mobile?) _____.
A
Superior
skin
limen nasi
Mobile; columella
16
Q
Sweat glands are (Acidic or alkaline?) and Slows growth of bacteria
A
Acidic
17
Q
_____ of the nose Trap small particles of dirt
A
Hair follicles
18
Q
Vibrissae are Nose hairs that Filter (large or small?) particles (eg _____)
A
Large
Insects
19
Q
NASAL CAVITY PROPER
Boundries:
Roof
-very (narrow or broad?) in front
-is horizontal in the middle third where it is formed by the ______
-Anterior third , slopes down and forward(nasal spine of____ , nasal bone, junction of___ and ____ cartilages)
-posterior third also slopes down(anterior surfaces of _____)
A
Narrow
cribriform plate of the ethmoid.
frontal
septal and lateral
body of sphenoid
20
Q
Roof of nasal cavity widens to about ____ cm near the ______.
A
1
choanae
21
Q
NASAL CAVITY PROPER Boundries: Floor -\_\_\_\_with its\_\_\_ process);Anterior\_\_/4 -\_\_\_\_((vertical or horizontal plate?)):posterior\_\_/4
A
maxilla
palatine
3
palatine
Horizontal
1
22
Q
NASAL CAVITY PROPER
Boundries:
Medial
- nasal septum
- bony part of septum is by _____and___
- cartilagenous part is by ____cartilage, and___ process of the ____ cartilages
A
perpendicular plate of ethmoid
vomer
Anterior septal
septal
2 alar
23
Q
Nasal septum is made of only bone
T/F
A
F
It’s osseocartilagenous
24
Q
The nasal septum is rarely in the ____ line,usually bulges to the ____side
A
median
right
25
NASAL CAVITY PROPER
Boundries:
Lateral walls
– nasal bones,___,frontal process of maxilla
-superior and middle nasal conchae (____bone)
-inferior nasal conchae
-____plate of palatine bone
-(lateral or medial?) pterygoid plate of sphenoid
-lateral nasal cartilage
-(major or minor?) alar cartilage
lacrimal
ethmoid
perpendicular
Medial
Both😬
26
Palates
- Hard palate- ____bones and____ bone
- Soft palate-Muscular posterior portion
Palatine
maxillary
27
Feature of lateral wall of nasal cavity
Middle part:
- atrium of the ___ meatus
- is limited above by a faint ridge of mucous membrane, the _____.
- The curved mucocutaneous junction between the ____ and ____ is known as ____.
Posterior
- conchae or____.
- spaces separating the conchae are called ___.
middle
agger nasi
atrium and vestibule
limen nasi
turbinates; meatuses
28
Nasal Conchae
- aka ____
- projects (medially or laterally?) and (upwards or downwards ?)
- Below and lateral to each concha is a corresponding ______.
- From above downwards the conchae are superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae.
- Sometimes a 4th concha, the concha ____ is also present.
- Functions to Filter air, Heat air, Moisten air and Reclaim heat and moisture during exhalation
turbinates
Medially
Downwards
meatus
suprema
29
____concha is smallest and_____ concha is largest in size.
superior
inferior
30
MEATUSES
- passages (recesses) beneath the overhanging conchae.
- A ___shaped depression, (above or below?) and (behind or infront of ?)the superior concha is known as the _____ recess
triangular
Above
Behind
sphenoethmoidal
31
Meatuses can be visualized without removing the conchae
T/F
F
32
______meatus is the largest
Inferior
33
middle meatus has the following features
* Ethmoidal bulla (bulla ethmoidalis), a___ shape elevation produced by the underlying______
* Hiatus semilunaris, a (shallow or deep?) semicircular sulcus (below or above?) the bulla ethmoidalis.
* Infundibulum, a short passage at the (anterior or posterior ?) end of middle meatus
round
middle ethmoidal sinuses.
Deep
Below
Anterior
34
_____ meatus is the smallest
Superior
35
Openings of the lateral nasal wall
(1) Sphenoethmoidal recess: Opening of the ____ air sinus
(2) Superior meatus: Opening of the _____ air sinuses
(3) Inferior meatus: meatus Opening of the____ in the (anterior or posterior?)part of meatus
(4) Middle meatus
- On bulla:_____ air sinuses
- Anterior Hiatus Semilunaris:___ air sinus
- middle hiatus semilunaris: _____ air sinus
- posterior hiatus semilunaris : _____air sinus
sphenoidal
posterior ethmoidal
nasolacrimal duct
Anterior
middle ethmoidal
frontal
Anterior ethmoidal
maxillary
36
Lining of Nasal Cavity
Respiratory region of the nasal cavity:
- lined by respiratory epithelium (_____epithelium with ____ cells)
- contains a large number of cavernous spaces and sinusoids to (warm or cool?)the air.
- contains a large number of serous(makes air___ )and mucous glands(traps dust and other stuffs)
- cilia on its mucous Membrane sweeps the mucous into the____ where it is swallowed and eliminated by the____
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
goblet
Warm
moist
pharynx
GIT
37
Respiratory region of the nasal cavity is highly vascular
| T/F
T
38
Paranasal Sinuses
- ___filled cavities that surround the nasal cavity
- Lined by ___
- They are lined by a ______epithelium
- Located in_____,____,_____,____ bones
Air
mucosa
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Frontal; Ethmoid; Sphenoid; Maxilla
39
The paranasal air sinuses develop as_____ of the main nasal cavity invading the adjacent bones
mucosal diverticula
40
paranasal air sinuses are arranged in pairs except the _____ air sinuses, which are arranged in___ groups:
list them
ethmoidal
three
viz. anterior, middle, and posterior
41
The sinuses exhibit two spurts of growth, viz:First around ___years (during the______)
Second at_____.
7–8 ;eruption of the teeth
puberty
42
All the paranasal air sinuses are present in rudimentary form at birth except the _____ air sinuses, which_____
frontal
start developing 2 or 3 years after birth.
43
The relationship of the paranasal sinuses to the orbit
____air sinus above
____air sinus below
____ air sinus medial to
_____air sinus behind
frontal
maxillary
ethmoidal
sphenoidal
44
FUNCTIONS of paranasal sinuses
- Make the skull (lighter or heavier?)
- Act as air conditioning chambers by adding____and ____ to the inspired air
Lighter
humidity and temperature
45
Paranasal sinuses Add resonance to the voice
T/F
T
46
Paranasal sinuses Aid in the growth of facial skeleton after birth
T/F
T
47
CLASSIFICATION of paranasal sinuses
- Anterior group: It includes those sinuses, which drain into the middle meatus, and they are: ___, ____,____, and____ sinuses
- Posterior group: It includes those sinuses, which do not drain into the middle meatus, viz. _____ and ____ air sinuses.
Frontal
anterior ethmoidal
middle ethmoidal
maxillary
posterior ethmoidal
sphenoidal
48
FRONTAL SINUS
- lies between the __ and ____tables of the frontal bone
- deep to medial part of the_____
- They are____ in shape.
- The right and left sinuses are usually(equal or unequal?) in size
- The right is frequently ( larger or smaller?) than the left and separated from it by a____.
- Each sinus drains into the ____ part of the hiatus semilunaris of the middle meatus through ____ duct.
inner and outer
superciliary arch.
triangular
Unequal
Larger
septum
anterior
frontonasal
49
Frontal sinuse is often symmetrical.
| T/F
F
Rarely symmetrical
50
RELATIONS of frontal sinus
- Anterior wall-____
- Posterior wall -___ and ____
- Inferior wall -____ of nose, ___ of orbit (medial part), and ____ air cells.
- inmervated by ____ nerve
superciliary arch of forehead
meninges and frontal lobe
root; roof
ethmoidal
supraorbital
51
Ethmoid Sinus
- located between the (upper or lower?) part of the (medial or lateral?) nasal wall and the orbit.
- divided into the following three groups:
- Anterior, consisting of up to ___ cells.
- Middle, consisting of ___ cells but usually___ cells
- Posterior, consisting of ____ cells.
Upper
Lateral
11
1–3;3
1–7
52
First paranasal sinus to develop is the ____ sinus
Maxillary
53
Maxillary Sinus
- aka_____
- drains into the _____ part of hiatus semilunaris of the middle meatus.
Development
- appears about the ___ month of intrauterine life
- is ____ at birth
- enlarges (slowly or rapidly?) during _-_years
- becomes fully developed at____ after the eruption of ____ teeth.
antrum of highmore
posterior
4th
rudimentary
Rapidly
6–7
puberty; permanent
54
of maxillary sinus
- _____in shape
- the base directed (medially or laterally?) towards the ___ wall of the nose
- apex (medially or laterally?) towards the___ bone.
pyramidal
Medially ; lateral
Laterally; zygomatic
55
Relations of maxillary sinus
- roof=_____ of ____
- Floor= ____ of ___and lies about___ cm below the floor of the nasal cavity. The level of the floor corresponds to the level of the ___ of nose.
floor of orbit
alveolar process of maxilla
1.25
ala
56
largest of paranasal air sinuses is ____
Maxillary
57
___of teeth can project into the floor of maxillary sinus mostly ___ and ___ —— and most rarely the____
roots
first and second molar
canine
58
Arterial Supply of maxillary sinus
| -anterior, middle, and posterior ______ arteries from ____ and ____arteries.
superior alveolar
maxillary and infraorbital
59
Sphenoidal Sinus
- lie within the body of the sphenoid bone above
- lies infront of the nasal cavity.
- separated from each other by a cartilaginous septum
- The two sinuses are usually asymmetrical
T/F
T
F(behind)
F(bony)
T
60
Development of sphenoidal sinus
| *Arise within the ____
nasal capsule
61
Sphenoidal sinus arises during development with or without pouch?
Without
62
Sphenoidal sinus begins to pneumatize by Age ___
3
63
Sphenoidal sinus is posteroinferior to sella turcica
| T/F
F
It’s anterior and inferior
64
Relations of sphenoidal sinus
-Above:____ and _____
-Below: Roof of the ____.
Lateral: ____ sinus and _____artery
Behind: ___ and____
In front: _____ recess
Pituitary gland and optic chiasma.
nasopharynx
Cavernous; internal carotid
Pons; medulla oblongata.
Sphenoethmoidal
65
Sphenoidal sinusitis:
- It is usually a part of ____
- or is associated with the infection of _______ sinuses.
- The infection of sphenoidal air sinuses spreading upwards may affect the____ and ___
pansinusitis
posterior ethmoidal
pituitary gland and optic chiasma.
66
Isolated sphenoidal sinusitis is common
| T/F
F
67
Ethmoidal sinusitis:
| -The pain is localized over the____ of ____
bridge of nose
68
Ethmoidal sinusitis is often isolated from other sinuses.
T/F
F
69
Frontal sinusitis:
- Infection of frontal air sinus may spread posteriorly into the ____ cranial fossa causing ___ lobe abscess
- infection may also spread downwards into the____ leading to ____
- The pain of frontal sinusitis is usually (mild or severe?) and localized over the affected sinus (frontal ____. It is also referred to as '' because of its presence during ____.)
anterior; frontal
orbit; orbital cellulitis.
Severe
headache
office headache
office hours
70
Frontal sinus shows characteristic periodicity
T/F
T
71
Frontal sinus Periodicity means it starts on ____, gradually ___eases and reaches its___ by about____ and then starts _____.
waking
incr
peak
midday
subsiding
72
Sinusitis:
- The infection of a paranasal air sinus is called sinusitis.
- Clinically it presents as: ___ and persistent____ from the nose.
headache
thick purulent discharge
73
In standard radiological images, the normal paranasal air sinuses are _____, whereas diseased paranasal sinuses show varying degree of_____
radiolucent
opacity
74
Examination of the nasal cavity (______):
| -either through the nostril (_____) or through the pharynx (_____).
Rhinoscopy
anterior rhinoscopy
posterior rhinoscopy
75
Anterior rhinoscopy: things that can be visualized
___and__ conchae
______meatuses
______
_____of the nasal cavity.
Middle and inferior
Superior middle and inferior
Nasal septum
Floor
76
Posterior rhinoscopy: It is carried out by inserting a mirror into the____ . The following features can be visualized by this method ,______, ____concha,____
pharynx
posterior Nasal septum
superior
chonae
77
Rhinitis
- It is the inflammation of____ lining the nasal cavity.
- Clinically it presents as: nasal blockage, sneezing, and water discharge from nose (_____).
mucus membrane
rhinorrhea
78
The ___trophy of mucosa over____ concha is a common feature of allergic rhinitis.
hyper
inferior
79
Little’s area: It is an area in the____ part of the nasal septum just (above or below?) the vestibule. Here the septal branches of the anterior ethmoidal sphenopalatine, greater palatine, and superior labial arteries anastomose to form a vascular plexus called_____.
anteroinferior
Above
Kiesselbach’s plexus
80
Little’s area is highly vascular.
T/F
T
81
The _____ area of nasal septum is the commonest site of ____ (aka _____) in children and young adults usually due to ____ trauma following___ of the nose.
Little’s
epistaxis
nose bleeding
finger nail
picking
82
Deviated nasal septum (DNS):
| -if serious, can be fixed by ______ or _____
submucous resection
septoplasty
83
Deviated nasal septum (DNS) is rare
T/F
F
84
Deviated nasal septum (DNS) occurs more in _____ gender
male than female
85
ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF SEPTUM
- Septal branch of the ___ artery
- Septal branch of the _____artery
- Septal branch of the _____ artery
- Septal branch of the _____artery(maxillary)
- Septal branch of the _____artery(facial)
anterior ethmoidal
posterior ethmoidal
sphenopalatine
greater palatine
superior labial
86
ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF LATERAL WALL
- Anterosuperior quadrant, by the____ artery
- Anteroinferior quadrant, by branches of ___ and ____ arteries.
- Posterosuperior quadrant, by ____ artery
- Posteroinferior quadrant, by branches of _____ artery, which pierces the perpendicular plate of palatine
anterior ethmoidal
facial; greater palatine
sphenopalatine; greater palatine
87
——- is the common site of venous bleeding in young individuals
Retrocolumellar veins
