Pharynx Flashcards
(87 cards)
1
Q
The pharynx is popularly called ——
A
aka the throat
2
Q
Length of pharynx
A
about 12-14cm
3
Q
Which axis of the pharynx is broader /narrower between transverse axis and anteroposterior axis
A
broader transversely than antero-posteriorly
4
Q
The pharynx provides a pathway for——— and———
A
swallowing
respiration
5
Q
food and air do not cross each other in the pharynx .
T/F
A
F. They do
6
Q
The pharynx provides support for surrounding structures like the——,______,———-, etc
A
palate
auditory tube
tongue
7
Q
The pharynx runs from - to -
A
from behind the nasal cavity to behind the inferior border of the larynx(cricoid cartilage)
8
Q
The pharynx is continuous with the——
A
esophagus
9
Q
——- seperates the oral and nasal cavity
A
Palate
10
Q
Anterior palate is the——- palate and posterior palate is the——- palate
A
hard
soft
11
Q
List the SUBDIVISIONS of the pharynx and their nicknames
A
- nasopharynx /epipharynx
- oropharynx/mesopharynx
- laryngopharynx/hypopharynx
12
Q
most cephalic portion of the pharynx is the ———-
A
nasopharynx
13
Q
The nasopharynx runs from the —— to the ——-
A
begins at the limit of the nasal cavity and ends at the pharyngeal isthmus
14
Q
The nasopharynx transmits ——
A
Air only
15
Q
———wall of nasopharynx has——— that allow——— to the———- for————-
A
lateral
an opening for the auditory tube
air passage
middle ear
balancing
16
Q
The opening in the nasopharynx can be felt using the——-
A
sides of the tongue
17
Q
pharyngeal isthmus is a——- created around the level of the——-
A
constriction
palates
18
Q
What forms the pharyngeal isthmus
A
it’s formed by the soft palate, the palatopharyngeal arches, and the posterior wall of the pharynx of this region
19
Q
Pharyngeal isthmus closes during ——— to prevent ——-
A
Swallowing
to prevent upward movement of food
20
Q
Pharyngeal recess/fossa of——- connects the middle ear to ——-
A
rosenmüller
The opening on the nasopharynx
21
Q
Pharyngeal recess contains——— nodes called———
A
retropharyngeal
nodes of rouvier
22
Q
OROPHARYNX begins at the ——- and ends at the———
A
begins at isthmus and ends at superior border of epiglottis
23
Q
What passes through the OROPHARYNX?
A
Both food and air
24
Q
laryngopharynx begins from - to -
A
begins from level of superior border of epiglottis to level of inferior border of cricoid cartilage
25
——— passes through the laryngopharynx
Just food
26
List the layers that make up the structure of the pharynx
Mucous membranes
fibrous coat
muscular coat
fascial coat
27
Epithelial lining for :
nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
N: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
O: non keratinized stratified squamous
L: non keratinized stratified squamous
28
The fibrous coat layer of the pharynx is also called the ——-
pharyngobasilar fascia
29
——- overlies the mucous membranes of the pharynx
Pharyngobasilar fascia
30
The fibrous coat layer of the pharynx is thickest———- and diminishes in thickness as you go——- and is———
superiorly
lower
gradually lost
31
The fibrous coat layer of the pharynx forms a ———posteriorly where———- attach
median raphe
pharyngeal muscles
32
———- forms bulk of the pharynx
Muscular coat(muscles)
33
fascial coat layer of the pharynx is also called the ——-
buccopharyngeal fascia
34
List the muscles in the—— circular layer and——- longitudinal layer of the pharynx
Outer: Inferior constrictor muscle
Middle constrictor muscle
Superior constrictor muscle
Inner: Stylopharyngeus muscle
Saloingopharyngeus muscle
Palatopharyngeus muscle
35
Outer muscles layer of the pharynx function is to ——?
Inner muscles layer of the pharynx function is to ——?
Outer: To constrict lumen;propel food
Inner: manipulate length
36
thickest of the 3 constrictior muscles is ——-?
Inferior constrictor muscle
37
Origin of the Inferior constrictor muscle
Direction of fiber.
Insertion;
Thyroid cartilage (thyropharyngeal part) and Cricoid cartilage (cricopharyngeal part)
fibers run postero medially
inserted into the median raphe
38
Shape of the middle constrictor muscle
Fan shaped
39
Origin of Middle constrictor muscle
origin is upper border of greater Cornu of hyoid bone and lower border of lesser Cornu of hyoid bone
40
Direction of fibers of Middle constrictor muscle
the fibers diverge from their origin
- the lower fibers run inferiorly to attach to the median raphe beneath the inferior constrictor muscle
- the middle fibers just run transversely
- the upper fibers run superiorly to attach to the median raphe and overlaps with superior constrictor muscle
41
Shape of Superior constrictor muscle
it’s a quadrilateral msucle; has origin from 4 places
42
Origin of Superior constrictor muscle
Glossopharyngeal-posterior tongue
Mylopharyngeal-alveolar process of mandible
Buccopharyngeal-pterygomandibular raphe
Pterygopharyngeal-lower border of posterior margin of medial pterygoid plate
43
Direction of fibers of Superior constrictor muscle
fibers runs downwards and posterior to insert into the median raphe
44
Stylopharyngeus muscle Originates from——-,runs——- to enter the———
styloid process of temporal bone
vertically downward
bulk of the muscles of the pharynx
45
Palatopharyngeus muscle originates from——-,runs—— to enter the———-
palate in the roof of the mouth
vertically downward
bulk of the muscles of the pharynx
46
Compare the fiber shapes of the Stylopharyngeus muscle and the Palatopharyngeus muscle
S: the muscle is long, slender, rounded top,flat bottom
P: it’s a long fleshy fasciculus that is narrower at the middle than at the end
47
What is a fasciculus
a bundle of structures, such as nerve or muscle fibres
48
Salpingopharyngeus muscle originates from——-in the nasal cavity then pass——- to blend with the———
Eustachian tube
downward
fibers of the palatopharyngeus muscle
49
What arteries supply the pharynx
Ascending pharyngeal artery from ECA
Lingual artery fromECA
Ascending palatine and tonsillar artery (from facial artery).
Greater palatine and pharyngeal artery (from maxillary artery).
50
Sensory nerves of the pharynx:
| Motor nerves of the pharynx:
Sensory- CN9
| Motor - CN10
51
Sensory and motor nerves of the pharynx do not form anastomoses around the pharynx .
T/F
F. both form anastomoses around the pharynx
52
Width of pharynx
3. 5cm above
| 1. 5cm at pharyngoesophageal junction.
53
Posterior boundary of the pharynx
Prevertebral fascia in front of cervical spine.
54
Superior boundary of the pharynx
Base of skull including the posterior part of the body of sphenoid and basilar part of occipital bone
55
Types of isthmus??
Oropharyngeal
Nasopharyngeal/pharyngeal
56
Anterior and lateral wall of nasopharynx is made of?
Anterior: posterior nasal apertures separated by the posterior edge of nasal septum.
Lateral: Medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid.
57
Location of pharyngeal tonsil
junction of the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx.
58
A mucous diverticulum called —— aka——— extends upwards into the substance of nasopharyngeal tonsil from its apex
nasopharyngeal bursa
pouch of Luschka
59
Sometimes a small dimple is seen in the mucous membrane above the————. It represents the remains of——
pharyngeal tonsil
Rathke’s pouch.
60
Possible location of craniopharyngioma is ???
Rathke’s pouch
61
the pharyngotympanic tube lies at the level of the—— nasal concha and—- cm behind it.
inferior
1.25
62
The upper and posterior margins of auditory tube orifice on pharynx are bounded by a ———-, which is produced by ——-
tubal elevation
tubal tonsil.
63
deep depression behind the tubal elevation is called ______?
pharyngeal recess (fossa of Rosenmüller).
64
the nasopharynx resembles the nose.
T/F
T
65
The infection from pharynx can easily pass into middle ear through——-
pharyngotympanic tube.
66
What are adenoids??
Enlarged nasopharyngeal tonsils due to infection
67
Adenoids make —- obligatory
Mouth-breathing
68
The nasopharyngeal tonsils are:
Prominent at what age:
Undergo atrophy till what age:
Complete gone by what age:
6
Puberty
20
69
U-shaped muscle loop on posterior wall of pharynx is called ——- and acts as a ——-
Passavant ridge
Palatopharyngeal sphincter
70
Match the subdivisions of the pharynx to a vertebrae level .
nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
C1
-C2,Part of C3’s body
C3,C4,C5,C6
71
glossoepiglottic folds connect the—- to ——
Anterior surface (median fold) and edge (lateral fold) of epiglottis
To the tongue
72
——- are shallow fossae between the median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds.
Epiglottic valleculae
73
Which isthmus is closed during deglutition
Both
74
Food in air tract =——-
| Air in food tract =_____
Choking
| Belching
75
Another name for belching is??
Eructation
76
the narrowest part of the GIT except appendix is——?
pharyngoesophageal junction
77
Waldeyer’s ring is an——- at the—- end of the ———
interrupted ‘circle of tonsils’
upper
respiratory and alimentary tracts).
78
List what makes up the waldeyer’s ring
Palatine tonsils
Pharyngeal tonsils
Lingual tonsils
Tubal tonsils
79
The potential gap posteriorly between the thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus is called———. The——— of the pharynx may bulge through this weak area to form a———
pharyngeal dimple or Killian’s dehiscence
mucosa and submucosa
pharyngeal pouch/zenker’s diverticulum
80
Sensory INNERVATION of :
nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
N:pharyngeal branch of C
V2
O:cn9
L:internal laryngeal nerve
81
PHARYNGEAL PLEXUS lies on the posterolateral aspect of the pharynx over the——- constrictor underneath the———-
middle
buccopharyngeal fascia
82
Pharyngeal plexus is formed by——
Pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve
Pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
Pharyngeal branch from superior cervical sympathetic ganglion.
83
The venous blood from pharynx is largely drained into——-,is situated on the ———of the pharynx over the middle constrictor. It drains into the———-
pharyngeal venous plexus
posterolateral aspect
internal jugular vein.
84
The lymph from pharynx is drained into the——
upper and lower deep cervical lymph nodes
85
Only muscle of the pharynx not innervated by vagus nerve of the pharyngeal plexus is _____?
The stylopharyngeus is the only muscle in the pharynx innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
86
Nasopharynx contains the Retropharyngeal lymph nodes
| T/F
F
| It’s behind it
87
The piriform recess of the ____pharynx is where ____ or ____ may become ____
Laryngo
Food or foreign objects
Trapped
