SCALP

Question 1

S-
C-
A-
L-
P-

Answer 1

S-skin
C-cutaneous layer(dense)
A-aponeurotic layer
L- loose areolar layer
P- pericranium

Question 2

Which layer of the scalp has a lot of hair

Answer 2

Skin

Question 3

Which layer of the scalp has sweat and sebaceous glands

Answer 3

Skin

Question 4

Cutaneous layer- loose or dense

Answer 4

Dense

Question 5

Another name for the aponeurotic layer

Answer 5

galea aponeurotica

Question 6

Anterior boundary of the aponeurotic layer

Posterior boundary of aponeurotic layer

Answer 6

Frontalis muscle

Bellies of occipitalis

Question 7

Attachments of aponeurotic layer

Anteriorly
Posteriorly
Laterally

Answer 7

Posterior:superior nuchal lines and external occipital protuberance (inion)
Anteriorly:no bony attachments
Laterally:over temporal fascia to meet zygomatic arch

Question 8

What layer allows for movement of some layers of the scalp

Answer 8

Loose areolar tissue layer

Question 9

Attachments of the loose areolar tissue layer
Anterior
Posterior
Lateral

Answer 9

posterior: highest and superior nuchal lines
Laterally:superior temporal lines
Anteriorly: eyelids

Question 10

Which layer has emissary veins

Answer 10

Loose areolar tissue layer

Question 11

Function of emissary veins

Answer 11

drains extracranial veins into intracranial venous sinus

Question 12

Regular Emissary veins pass from where to where

Answer 12

Parietal foramen to superior sagittal sinus

Question 13

Mastoid emissary veins pass from where to where

Answer 13

Mastoid foramen to sigmoid sinus

Question 14

Why is the loose areolar tissue layer called the dangerous layer

Answer 14

can transfer extracranial infections

Question 15

Attachments of the pericranium

Answer 15

Sutures of the cranium, not the cranium itself

Question 16

Lymph drainage of the scalp anterior to the ear

Answer 16

Pre-auricular lymph nodes

Parotid gland nodes

Question 17

Lymph drainage of the scalp posterior to the ear

Answer 17

Posterior auricular lymph nodes
Mastoid lymph nodes
Occipital lymph nodes

Question 18

Blood supply of the scalp anterior to the ear

Answer 18

Internal carotid artery-opthalamic artery-supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries

External carotid artery-superficial temporal artery

Question 19

Blood supply of the scalp posterior to the ear

Answer 19

Posterior auricular artery and occipital arteries

Both from the external carotid artery

Question 20

Where does the arteries from the internal and external carotid artery supplying the scalp anastomose

Answer 20

Over the temple

Question 21

Supratrochlear and Supraorbital veins drain into ——

Answer 21

Internal jugular vein

Question 22

Superficial temporal vein drain into ——- then ——- then ———

Answer 22

Facial veins; maxillary veins;retromandibular veins

Question 23

Anterior division of retromandibular vein + facial vein =——- that drains into ——-

Answer 23

Common facial vein that drains into internal jugular vein

Question 24

Posterior division of retromandibular vein + posterior auricular veins =_____ that drains into ______

Answer 24

External jugular veins; subclavian veins

Question 25

Fate of occipital veins

Answer 25

Drain into suboccipital venous sinuses

Question 26

Fate of | Frontal diploic vein

Answer 26

Through supraorbital notch into supraorbital vein

Question 27

Fate of | Anterior and posterior temporal diploic vein

Answer 27

Ant- ant deep temporal vein or sphenoparietal vein Post- transverse sinus

Question 28

Fate of occipital diploic vein

Answer 28

Occipital vein or transverse sinus

Question 29

How many nerves innervate each side of the scalp How many at the front How many sensory and motor

Answer 29

10 nerves 5 front, 5back 4 sensory 1 motor

Question 30

List the 5 nerves supplying the scalp anterior to the ear and their origin

Answer 30

Supraorbital-trigeminal; opthalamic division Supratrochlear-trigeminal;opthalamic division Auriculotemporal-trigeminal;mandibular division Zygomaticofacial-trigeminal;maxillary division Motor nerve -temporal branch of facial nerve

Question 31

List the nerves supplying the scalp, posterior to the ear and their origins

Answer 31

Great auricular C2C3 Lesser occipital C2 Greater occipital C2 Third occipital C3 Motor nerve-posterior auricular branch from facial nerve

Question 32

What is Cephalohematoma and it’s relation to pericranium

Answer 32

Collection of blood just deep to the pericranium . The blood takes the shape of the bone concerned

Question 33

Effect of blood in loose areolar tissue layer

Answer 33

leads to generalized swelling of the scalp and the blood can move to root of the nose and into the eyelids causing black eyes

Question 34

What prevent the vessels in the scalp from retracting

Answer 34

Cutaneous layer

Question 35

What can make a wound in the scalp gape

Answer 35

If it’s a transverse cut

Question 36

Mycotic disease is?

Answer 36

Any disease caused by a fungus

Question 37

Xterics of tinea capitis

Answer 37

Common; mycotic;ringworm

Question 38

Xterics of pediculosis capitis

Answer 38

Hair lice infestation;pediculosis humanus capitis; everyone can get it; common in school-aged children

Question 39

The skin of the scalp is covered with hair all through | T/F

Answer 39

F. The forehead isn’t covered with hair

Question 40

Most commonest site for sebaceous cyst is?

Answer 40

The skin of the scalp

Question 41

Location of diploic veins

Answer 41

Bone of skull

Question 42

Which layer of the scalp can lobules of fat be found

Answer 42

Cutaneous layer

Question 43

The occipitofrontalis muscle contains how many bellies and list them

Answer 43

4 bellies ; | 2 frontalis and 2 occipitalis bellies

Question 44

What is the natural plane of cleavage during a craniotomy

Answer 44

Loose areolar tissue layer

Question 45

Pericranium can be easily stripped at all places | T/F

Answer 45

F. At all places except where it attaches to the sutures(sutural membrane that attaches to endocardium that lines the inner surface of the skull bones)

Question 46

Origin of the frontal bellies | Insertion of the frontal bellies

Answer 46

O:skin and subcutaneous layer of eyebrows and root of nose I:galea aponeurotica, in front of coronal suture

Question 47

Deep fiber of frontal bellies merge with - - -

Answer 47

Procerus, corrugator supercilli, orbicularis oculi

Question 48

Frontal bellies are wider , shorts and do not almost touch at their medial border T/F

Answer 48

F. | They are wider, longer, and their medial borders almost touch

Question 49

Origin and insertion of occipital bellies

Answer 49

O:lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line I: epicranial aponeurosis

Question 50

Xterics of the occipital bellies

Answer 50

Small and seperate by considerable gap filled by galea aponeurotica

Question 51

Innervation of the occipitofrontalis muscle

Answer 51

Temporal branch and posterior auricular branch of facial nerve

Question 52

Action of occipitofrontalis muscle

Answer 52

Eyebrows up in surprise Wrinkles in fright Both by contraction of frontalis Generally, contraction and relaxation of the occipitofrontalis muscle helps to move the scalp forward and backward over the cranium

Question 53

Red indians remove what as punishment

Answer 53

Scalp proper( S+C+A)

Question 54

Safety-valve hematoma

Answer 54

blood from intracranial hemorrhage communicates with the subaponeurotic space of the scalp through the fracture lines. The signs of cerebral compression do not develop until the subaponeurotic space is fully filled with blood.

Question 55

What is cephalhydrocoele

Answer 55

A situation where CSF accumulates in the sub aponeurotic layer

Question 56

Common location of a cephalhematoma

Answer 56

Parietal region

Question 57

Most common birth trauma of the scalp

Answer 57

Caput succedaenum

Question 58

Which is more lateral? | Supraorbital artery or supratrochlear artery

Answer 58

Supraorbital artery

Question 59

In front of root of zygoma Behind the root of ear Midway between the ear and external occipital protuberance

Answer 59

Superficial temporal Posterior auricular Occipital arteries

Question 60

How to sharply stop a scalp-hemorrhage

Answer 60

Use something to tie the head around, just above the ear and eyebrows

Question 61

Angular vein is made by combo of?

Answer 61

Supraorbital and supratrochlear veins

Question 62

Superficial temporal vein + maxillary vein= _____

Answer 62

Retromandibular vein

Question 63

Favored site for intravenous infusion in infants

Answer 63

Veins of the scalp

Question 64

What forms the internal jugular vein

Answer 64

Inferior Petrous sinus and sigmoid sinus