Tongue Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

Length and width of the tongue

length:10cm; width:3cm

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List the regions of the tongue, their direction and mobility

Apex: directed forward against the incisor teeth ;mobile

Body: anterior 2/3 of the tongue;mobile

Root:directed posteriorly;immobile

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3 structures the root of the tongue is attached to???

connected to hyoid bone, epiglottis, and oropharynx

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——surface of the tongue is a—— surface in contact with the floor of the mouth

Ventral

smooth

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—— is connected to the ventral SURAFCE of the tongue and allows ——-

frenulum linguae

allows the anterior part of the tongue to move freely

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The frenulum linguae is a —— fold of ———

distinct vertical fold of mucous membrane

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——- surface of the tongue is marked by a median sulcus that divides it into——

Dorsal

symmetrical halves

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Dorsal surface of the tongue has a V shaped groove called ——- and runs laterally from ——— which is a remnant of ——-

terminal sulcus

foramen caecum

Thyroglossal duct

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Terminal sulcus of the tongue is a shallow or deep groove???

Shallow

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the terminal sulcus divides the dorsal surface into the———- and a———-

bigger anterior part in the oral cavity proper

smaller posterior part in the oropharynx

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the anterior -/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue is characterized by——-

small numerous papillae projections

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posterior -/3 is characterized by——- that gives this region an———

lingual tonsils

irregular cobble-stone appearance

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List the TYPES OF PAPILLAE

(1) Circumvallate papillae
(2) folate papillae
(3) filiform papillae
(4) fungiform papillae

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Which of the papillae have taste buds

Circumvallate papillae
folate papillae
fungiform papillae

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Location of Circumvallate papillae

run in an inverted V shape anterior to the terminal sulcus

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Describe the shape of the papillaes:

Circumvallate papillae: large; broad top,narrow bottom(conical shape)

filiform papillae: they are thread-like , thin, and long

fungiform papillae: mushroom-like shaped; short

folate papillae: rudimentary

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How much Circumvallate papillae can be found on the tongue

-8 to 12 in number

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Location of folate papillae

anteriorlateral to circumvillate papillae

found at the 2 lateral margins of the tongue

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Which papillae is rudimentary and rarely found in humans

folate papillae

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folate papillae are more developed in ——?

Rats

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Most numerous papillae is the ——?

filiform papillae

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Which papillae has no taste buds

filiform papillae

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fungiform papillae are predominantly found——-

along the sides and tip of the apex

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Which papillae has a red color and why?

fungiform papillae

highly vascularized,hence the red color

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Tonsils are—— shaped masses of——-

oval lymphoid nodule

TASTE BUDS are——- shaped

flask

TASTE BUDS are found in—-

epithelium of circumvillate,fungiform, and folate papillae soft palate, epiglottis, and pharynx

TASTE BUDS are made up of— types of cells List them and their other names

3 Neuroepithelial taste cells aka gustatory cells Supporting cells aka sustentacular cells Basal cells aka precursor cells

TASTE BUDS are constricted where??

it’s structure is constricted at both ends

——- are main cells that are responsible for the sensation of taste

Neuroepithelial taste cells

Neuroepithelial cells have ——life span

short

Shape of the cells that make up the taste buds

Neuroepithelial taste cells : spindle shaped chemoreceptors Supporting cells : elongated ;columnar Basal cells: small

Neuroepithelial cells have——- on their ——- surface that projects into the———

microvilli Superficial taste pore

Base of ——— cells are connected to a——— that’s carrying the impulse to the——

Neuroepithelial taste cells sensory nerve fiber brain

Location and function of sustentacular cells

found around the gustatory cells | -they protect / guard the gustatory cells

Location and function of basal cells

found at the base of the Taste bud | -are stem cells for gustatory cells

epithelium lining of the tongue is________

stratified squamous epithelium

List the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Superior longitudinal Inferior longitudinal Verticalis Transversus Genioglossus Hyoglossus Styloglossus Palatoglossus

Function of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Intrinsic: lets you alter the shape of the tongue Extrinsic : to change the position of the tongue(retract, protract, elevate, depress)

Direction of travel and location of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Superior longitudinal -from front to back;along superior surface of tongue; beneath mucous membranes Inferior longitudinal -from back to front;below the superior longitudinal muscle Verticalis: run vertically -connect superior longitudinal muscle to inferior longitudinal muscle Transversus - run transversely - from median septum, laterally, to both sides

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue originate from ——and insert into the tongue

outside the tongue into the tongue

Origin and insertion of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Genioglossus: connect tongue with mandible Hyoglossus: from the body and greater Cornu of the hyoid bone into the sides of the tongue Styloglossus: from styloid process of temporal bone into surface of the tongue Palatoglossus: connect soft palate to tongue

Genio means——?

Mandible

List the arteries that supply the tongue

lingual artery majorly | -tonsillar branch of facial and ascending pharyngeal artery

lingual veins drain into the——-

internal jugular veins

List the general sensory nerves that supply the tongue

Anterior: lingual nerve of V3 posterior:glossopharyngeal nerve

List the special sensory nerves that supply the tongue

anterior: chorda tympani branch of CN7 posterior: glossopharyngeal nerve

Motor INNERVATION of the muscles of the tongue

everyone is innovated by the hypoglossal nerve except the palatoglossus that is innervated by the vagus nerve

GAG REFLEX can be defined as | ——-

a contraction at the oropharynx region

Which nerves control the gag reflex

CN 9 and 10

damage of the which nerve leads to PARALYSIS of the tongue

CN 12

Paralyzed tongue increases the chances of ——

suffocation

TONGUE-TIE aka——-

ankyloglossia

Describe ‘tongue-tie’ and it occurs when——-

tongue is tied to the floor of the mouth | -occurs when the frenulum limguae is too short and thick

Tongue-tie, macroglossia, microglossia. | Which ones are. Heriditary and which is congenital

Tongue-tie: congenital MACROGLOSSIA:heriditary MICROGLOSSIA: congenital

Treatment of MACROGLOSSIA is ——?

treatment is by removing part of the tongue (partial glossectomy)

On each side of the lower end of frenulum, there is an elevation called ———, on the summit of which opens the——-

sublingual papilla submandibular duct.

Sublingual glands open on the ——— located laterally to the ——-

sublingual fold Sublingual papilla

The anterior two-third of palate, made up of —— is called ——, while posterior one-third made of ——- is called ——

bones hard palate soft issue soft palate.

posterior part of the tongue forms the——— wall of the——-. | .

anterior oropharynx

The tongue is separated from teeth by ———

a deep alveololingual sulcus

Dorsal surface of the tongue. | Convex or concave

Convex

Tongue origin for mucosa of oral two-third develops from the ———pharyngeal arches while that of pharyngeal part develops from the ——-pharyngeal arches.

1st and 2nd 3rd or 4th

Effect of coating of tongue on digestive disturbances

Not a single thing!

——-papillae are largely responsible for the velvety appearance of the tongue

Filiform

2 animals with prominent follate papillae

Rats and rabbits

————may be seen through mucous membrane on either side of frenulum linguae(not the tip)

Deep lingual veins

How to fix tongue-tie

This can be corrected by cutting the frenulum surgically.

Where is nitroglycerin (sorbitate) placed and why

placed under the tongue, where in less than 1 minute, it dissolves and passes through the thin oral mucosa into the lingual veins.

Which part of the tongue is most likely to get carcinoma

Anterior 2/3 Then posterior 1/3 Then posteriomost

Which muscle of the tongue is found between genioglossus and hyoglossus

Inferior longitudinal muscle

- muscle of the tongue Makes the tongue narrow and elongated - muscle of the tongue Shortens the tongue and Makes the dorsum convex - muscle of the tongue Shortens the tongue and Makes the dorsum concave - muscle of the tongue Makes the tongue broad and flattened

Transversus Inferior longitudinal Superior longitudinal Verticalis

- muscle of the tongue is fans shaped | - muscle of the tongue is quad shaped

Genioglossus Hyoglossus

Which muscles of the tongue are involved in elevation,depression, protrusion, and retraction of the tongue

Elevation (palatoglossus) Depression (hyoglossus) Protrusion(genioglossus) Retraction(styloglossus)

Which Muscle is the safety muscle of the tongue and why

Genioglossus | If it gets paralyzed and blocks the air flow, you suffocate

The——— muscle are commonly used for clinical testing of the hypoglossal nerve

genioglossus

Which branches of the lingual artery supplies the anterior and posterior part of the tongue

Anterior: deep lingual artery Posterior:dorsal lingual artery

the only significant anastomoses across the midline of the tongue is the combo of ——-?

The deep lingual arteries

- + -+-= lingual vein

Deep lingual vein Veins accompanying the lingual artery Veins accompanying the hypoglossal nerve

List the 4 lymph sections of the tongue and where they drain

Apical vessels: They drain the tip and inferior surface of the tongue Marginal vessels: They drain the marginal portions of the anterior two-third of the tongue Central vessels: They drain the central portion of the anterior two-third of the tongue Basal vessels: They drain the root of the tongue and posterior one-third of the tongue

What sensory nerve besides the glossopharyngeal nerve , supplies sensory sensations to the tongue and where?

internal laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve Posteriormost part of the tongue

Referred pain from the tongue affects which regions?

Ear, lower teeth, TMJ and temporal fossa

Life span of taste buds is ___

10 days

Stretching the chords tympani nerve without cutting it produces a metallic taste in the mouth T/F

Tongue Flashcards

(84 cards)