Blood Transport of Gases

Question 1

what is most oxygen in blood reversibly bound to

Answer 1

hemoglobin

Question 2

what percentage of oxygen in blood is bound to hemoglobin

Answer 2

> 97%

Question 3

what happens to the oxygen that is not bound to hemoglobin

Answer 3

it circulates dissolved in blood

Question 4

what is henry’s law

Answer 4

amount of gas dissolved is directly proportional to partial pressure of that gas

Question 5

is O2 soluble in aqueous solution

Answer 5

solubility is very low

Question 6

how much O2 is dissolved in blood at a usual arterial pressure

Answer 6

3ml of O2 per L of blood

Question 7

how much O2 does blood leaving the lungs contain

Answer 7

~200mL O2 per L, 197ml/l is bound to hemoglobin

Question 8

how much O2 does a 25kg greyhound consume at rest

Answer 8

125 mL O2 per min

Question 9

how much O2 does a 25kg greyhound consume during a race

Answer 9

4500 ml O2 per min

Question 10

what would be the necessary cardiac output if O2 was only carried as dissolved in blood

Answer 10

1500 L of blood

Question 11

what does a hemoglobin contain

Answer 11

4 heme groups each with 1 iron atom that can bind 1 O2 molecule

Question 12

how many molecule of O2 does 1 hemoglobin bind

Answer 12

4

Question 13

what is oxygen saturation

Answer 13

the amount of oxygen carried divided by the total oxygen capacity of blood

Question 14

what is % saturation

Answer 14

amount O2 bound / max capacity of Hb for O2

Question 15

when is saturation at 100%

Answer 15

when all 4 site of all the blood Hb are bound

Question 16

when is the saturation 50%

Answer 16

when half the potential binding sites are occupied

Question 17

what kind of law does the binding of O2 to Hb follow

Answer 17

a mass action law

Question 18

what is pO2 responsible for

Answer 18

the amount of O2 dissolved in blood

Question 20

what happens to the blood in lung capillaries

Answer 20

dissolved O2 increases = more HbO2

Question 21

what happens when blood passes through tissue capillaries

Answer 21

dissolved O2 decreases = dissociation of HbO2 occurs

Question 22

what shape does the oxygen saturation curve follow

Answer 22

sigmoid shape based on equilibrium

Question 23

under normal conditions, what is the percentage saturation in blood leaving lung

Answer 23

100%

Question 24

under normal conditions, what is the percentage saturation in blood out of tissue

Answer 24

75%

Question 25

how much oxygen is used at rest

Answer 25

only 25% of carrying capacity

Question 26

what is the main factor fir saturation

Answer 26

Hb concentration since Hb is completely saturated in the lungs

Question 27

how much oxygen does 1g Hb carry

Answer 27

1.34ml of O2

Question 28

what is the normal concentration of saturation

Answer 28

150g/L -> 200 ml O2

Question 29

what causes anemia

Answer 29

o2 transport is reduced proportionally to amount of Hb

Question 30

what compensates for the decrease of pO2 in air in high altitude

Answer 30

compensates by increasing the number of erythrocytes and Hb

Question 31

what are factors affecting Hb saturation

Answer 31

pH temp 2,3DPG

Question 32

what are the 3 forms that carry CO2 in blood

Answer 32

the physical solution carbamino compounds (bound to proteins) bicarbonate

Question 33

what percentage of CO2 is carried in physical solution (dissolved in blood)

Answer 33

5-10%

Question 34

how much more soluble is CO2 in water compared to O2

Answer 34

20x more soluble in water than O2

Question 35

what does CO2 bind to on proteins

Answer 35

-NH groups (especially hemoglobin)

Question 36

what percentage of CO2 binds to proteins/carbamino acids

Answer 36

15-20%

Question 37

what does CO2 have a strong affinity for in terms of proteins and why

Answer 37

deoxyhemoglobin b/c no O2

Question 38

what percentage of CO2 is carried by bicarbonate

Answer 38

70-75%

Question 39

where does bicarbonate and CO2 react

Answer 39

in erythrocytes

Question 40

what is the formula for bicarbonate

Answer 40

HCO3-

Question 41

what happens to bicarbonate in plasma

Answer 41

is diffuses and is much more soluble than CO2

Question 42

what happens with bicarbonate and CO2 in lungs

Answer 42

the opposite reaction forms and it is converted back to CO2