Midterm 1 - Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

what does autonomic mean

Answer 1

controls body functions without conscious thought

Question 2

what is the ANS key in maintaining

Answer 2

homeostasis

Question 3

how is the ANS accomplished

Answer 3

reflexes

Question 4

what does the ANS control

Answer 4

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

Question 5

what does the ANS not control

Answer 5

skeletal muscle

Question 6

what does the ANS control at length

Answer 6

respiration
heart rate
blood pressure
digestion
rumination
sleep
arousal
body temp

Question 7

what is involved in a reflex

Answer 7

sensory cells
sensory nerve fiber
integration centre
motor nerve fiber
effectors

Question 8

how is the ANS mainly controlled

Answer 8

negative feedback

Question 9

what does the type of sensory cell depend on

Answer 9

the system considered

Question 10

examples of sensory cells

Answer 10

baroreceptors
cold and warm receptors

Question 11

are there any differences in sensory nerve fibers between somatic arc reflexes and ANS

Answer 11

nothing major

Question 12

what are the control centres of the ANS

Answer 12

hypothalamus
brain stem
spinal cord

Question 13

what is the master command of ANS

Answer 13

hypothalamus

Question 14

what does the brain stem control in ANS

Answer 14

special control function: respiratory and cardiovascular centre

Question 15

what does the spinal cord do in ANS

Answer 15

local integration in thoracic and sacral segments

Question 16

what does the spinal cord receive

Answer 16

continuous info from sensory nerves - frequency of impulses

Question 17

how does the spinal cord set a reference

Answer 17

compares information and if different, alters frequency on motor fiber

Question 18

what is the main difference between autonomic and somatic system

Answer 18

the motor nerve fibers

Question 19

what is the difference in motor fibers between autonomic and somatic system

Answer 19

target organs
number of neurons in its peripheral circuit

Question 20

how many peripheral nerves does the ANS have in its peripheral circuit

Answer 20

2 (somatic arc reflex has 1)

Question 21

what is the preganglionic neuron

Answer 21

cell body in the CNS with non that innervates a second neuron, the postganglionic neuron

Question 22

what is a ganglion

Answer 22

cell body of the postganglionic neuron

Question 23

are there any sensors specific to ANS

Answer 23

no

Question 24

where is the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 24

thoracic-lumbar

Question 25

how does the sympathetic nervous system work

Answer 25

preganglionic neurons originate in thoracic or lumbar spinal area and send axons to sympathetic ganglia which form a chain parallel to the spinal cord

Question 26

what gets activated my a stressor

Answer 26

all systems i.e sweating, heartbeat... due to ganglion chain

Question 27

where is the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 27

cranio-sacral

Question 28

how does the parasympathetic nervous system work

Answer 28

preganglionic neurons originate in brain or sacral part of spinal cord and send axons to ganglia near or within effector organs

Question 29

what is the enteric nervous system associated with

Answer 29

the parasympathetic

Question 30

are postganglionic fibers long or short in sympathetic

Answer 30

very long - some extend to adrenal medulla

Question 31

where do postganglionic fibers innervate

Answer 31

hollow organs, blood vessels etc

Question 32

what do postganglionic fibers do in adrenal glands

Answer 32

stimulate epinephrine/adrenaline and norepeinephrine secretion into blood circulation

Question 33

important point about the sympathetic system

Answer 33

info is shared between ganglia along the chain

Question 34

what cranial nerves supply parasympathetic fibers to body's glands and organs

Answer 34

III, VII, IX

Question 35

which cranial nerve is the major supplier to the body

Answer 35

X - vagus nerve

Question 36

where are ganglia located

Answer 36

in the wall or adjacent to target organs

Question 37

what kind of regulation in ganglia in parasympathetic

Answer 37

1 on 1 regualtion

Question 38

is there any interconnection between ganglia in the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 38

no - no chain

Question 39

are postganglionic fibers long or short in parasympathetic

Answer 39

short

Question 40

what fibers are very long in the parasympathetic system

Answer 40

preganglionic

Question 41

selective action in postganglionic fibers

Answer 41

direct connection with specific organs with no enhancement by hormones

Question 42

what are 2 receptors to acetylcholine

Answer 42

nicotinic muscarinic

Question 43

what does nicotinic help with

Answer 43

preganglionic synpases

Question 44

what does it mean that nicotinic is inotropic

Answer 44

part of an ion channel - with Na+

Question 45

where is muscarinic found

Answer 45

in target organs of parasympathetic

Question 46

is muscarinic an ion channel

Answer 46

no - requires intracellular second messengers to activate target cell

Question 47

the effect of muscarinic can be ...

Answer 47

stimulatory or inhibitory - depends on messenger

Question 48

what is the difference of muscarinic compared to nicotinic

Answer 48

it is slower and more prolonged effect

Question 49

what is the pharmacological significance of ANS

Answer 49

use of agonist and antagonists to selectively activate or block receptors

Question 50

what is pharmacological can be used during hypertension

Answer 50

B-adrenergic blocker (propranolol) - decreases heart rate (B1)

Question 51

what does propranolol act on

Answer 51

the heart

Question 52

what pharmacological can be used for asthma

Answer 52

B2 - adrenergic agonist (salbutamol) - bronchodilation

Question 53

what is atropine

Answer 53

muscarinic receptor blocker

Question 54

what does atropine do

Answer 54

drop in eye - dilate pupil

Question 55

what does atropine inhibit

Answer 55

contraction of lower GI tract

Question 56

reciprocal effects of eyes

Answer 56

sympathetic - pupil dilation parasympathetic - pupil constriction

Question 57

reciprocal effects of salivary gland

Answer 57

sympathetic - stimulation parasympathetic - inhibition

Question 58

reciprocal effects of heart rate

Answer 58

sympathetic - increased parasympathetic - decreased

Question 59

reciprocal effects of blood vessels

Answer 59

sympathetic - constriction (most) parasympathetic - dilation (few)

Question 60

reciprocal effects of lungs (bronchiole)

Answer 60

sympathetic - dilation parasympathetic - constriction

Question 61

reciprocal effects of intestinal mobility

Answer 61

sympathetic - inhibition parasympathetic - stimulation

Question 62

reciprocal effects of sphincters

Answer 62

sympathetic - stimulate closing parasympathetic - inhibit closing

Question 63

reciprocal effects of urinary bladder

Answer 63

sympathetic - muscle tone relaxed parasympathetic - contraction

Question 64

reciprocal effects of penis

Answer 64

sympathetic - ejaculation parasympathetic - erection