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ANSC 3080 > Midterm 1 - Cardiovascular Overview and Anatomy of Heart > Flashcards

Midterm 1 - Cardiovascular Overview and Anatomy of Heart Flashcards

1
Q

general heart anatomy

A

4 chambers
4 sets of valves
2 sets of pumps

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2
Q

what are the 4 chambers

A

2 atria
2 ventricles

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3
Q

what are the 2 types of valves

A

AV valves
Semi-lunar valves

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4
Q

what are the 2 AV valves

A

tricuspid
bicuspid

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5
Q

what are the 2 semi-lunar valves

A

aortic and pulmonary

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6
Q

what do the semi-lunar valves do

A

prevent back flow once blood has left the heart

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7
Q

what is the pulmonary circulatory system

A

arteries to and veins from the lungs

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8
Q

what is the systemic circulatory system

A

arteries to and veins from the rest of the body

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9
Q

why is the heart separated into 2 parts

A

prevents the mixing of oxygenated and un-oxygenated blood

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10
Q

what direction do veins carry blood

A

back to the heart

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11
Q

what direction do arteries carry blood

A

out of the heart

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12
Q

what are the major functions of the CVS

A

transport of O2/CO2
transport waste
transport heat
transport hormones
carry immune cells
stabilize internal environment

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13
Q

where does the CVS transport O2/CO2

A

from and to the lungs and tissues

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14
Q

where does the CVS transport nutrients

A

from intestines to tissues
from and to liver and fat

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15
Q

what is the liver in terms of nutrients

A

factory

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16
Q

what is fat in terms of nutrients

A

storage

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17
Q

where does the CVS transport heat

A

from inside to skin

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18
Q

where does the CVS transport waste

A

from production to excretion sites

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19
Q

examples of excretion sites

A

kidney
liver (for further processing)

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20
Q

where does the CVS transport hormones

A

from endocrine glands to target cells

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21
Q

what is the CVS in terms of stabilizing the internal environment

A

buffer (pH, ions etc)

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22
Q

what is the pericardium

A

2 layers of connective tissue with a cavity

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23
Q

what is the visceral layer of the pericardium

A

(inner) layer attached to heart wall

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24
Q

what layer of the pericardium is reinforced

A

parietal layer (outer)

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25
what does the pericardium prevent
over-sizing (overstretching) of the heart
26
what is between the parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium
a cavity filled with fluid that allows some movement and prevents friction during contraction
27
what do the 2 atria mainly serve as
reservoirs
28
what do the two atria do
help transfer blood to the ventricles
29
what do the 2 ventricles do
propel blood into systemic and pulmonary circulation
30
what is the heart wall
muscle tissue (myocardium) muscular septum
31
what separates the 2 heart halves
muscular septum
32
what is the endocardium
epithelium covering the inner surface
33
what is the endocardium equivalent to
endothelium of blood vessels. - very glossy
34
where does the heart get oxygenated
from blood vessels outside of the heart
35
what are valves made of
fibrous connective tissue attached to fibrous ring
36
what is the purpose of valves
allow blood to flow in only 1 direction
37
which AV valve is on the left
bicuspid (mitral)
38
which AV valve is on the right
tricuspid
39
how do the AV valves prevent inversion and limit movement
free end of AV valves attached to papillary muscle in ventricle
40
where is the aortic semilunar valve located
between left ventricle and aorta
41
where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
42
what do the chordae tendineae do
link valves and prevent valves from flipping the other way (acts as anchor)
43
what type of mechanism is the opening and closing of valves
passive
44
what is the opening and closing of valves dependent on
blood pressure
45
what do arteries do
convey blood from the heart to tissues and organs
46
what do the pulmonary arteries do
leave the right ventricle to bring deoxygenated blood to the lungs
47
what does the aorta do
leaves the left ventricle to bring oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
48
what do veins do
convey blood from the tissues and organs to the heart
49
what are the 2 vena cava options
cranial or superior caudal or inferior
50
what do the vena cava do
bring deoxygenated blood to right atrium
51
what does the pulmonary vein do
brings oxygenated blood to the left atrium
52
where do arteries branch off
aorta pulmonary arteries
53
why must arteries be elastic
receive tremendous pressure from ventricle contractions - absorb pressure
54
what do arteries conduct
vessels for blood
55
what do small arteries do
deliver blood locally to arterioles and capillaries in tissues
56
what do small arteries control
the pressure via tone of vessel's smooth muscle
57
what are capillaries the site of
gas exchange nutrient etc
58
why must arteries be so elastic
as more branches occur, blood pressure decreases - therefore arteries have much higher pressure
59
what do venues do
collect blood from capillaries
60
what do veins do
receive blood from venues and return it to heart
61
what might alter the venous return
change in tone
62
what is the heart/lungs loop to oxygenated blood
pulmonary system
63
characteristics of pulmonary system
relatively low blood pressure low resistance highly distensible
64
what is responsible for the distribution of oxygenated blood and nutrient throughout body
systemic system
65
characteristics of systemic system
high pressure, high resistance
66
which ventricle performs more work and by how much
left ventricle by 5-7 fold - wall much thicker
67
cardiac output
blood pumped by each half of the heart per minute
68
what does the cardiac output depend on
needs/functions of various organs
69
what is the cardiac cycle
repeating pattern of contraction and relaxation of the heart
70
what is the systole phase
phase of contraction
71
what is the diastole phase
phase of relaxation/filling
72
does the heart contract all at once
no - 2 step pumping

ANSC 3080 (41 decks)

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