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First Aid Sections > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

COX2

A

inducible

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2
Q

Aspirin

A

irreversibly inhibits COX 1 and 2

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3
Q

derivates of common cardinal veins

A

SVC

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4
Q

derivative of truncus arterious

A

pulmonary trunk

ascending aorta

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5
Q

derivative of dorsal aorts

A

descending aortic a.

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6
Q

Conn’s Syndrome

A

primary hyperaldosteronism

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7
Q

when you correct DKA

A

decrease ketone bdies = increase bicarb

k intracellular shift = hypokalemia

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8
Q

plaque - proliferation

A

platelets

PDGF, TGF-beta

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9
Q

plaque -SMC

A

MIGRATE from media to intima

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10
Q

Type 1 Dyslipidemias

A

no atherosclerosis
abd pain (pancreatitis)
maybe xanthomas
due to LPL def (chylomicrons)

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11
Q

Type 2 Dyslipidemias

A

no LDL receptors
atherosclerosis
tubulars xanthomas, corneal arcus, xanthelasma

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12
Q

Type 3 Dyslipidemias

A

VLDL overproduction

pancreatitis

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13
Q

transmural inflamm of arteries with fibrinoid necrosis

A

polyarteritis nodosa

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14
Q

varicose veins

A

increased lower extremity venous pressure

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15
Q

manifestations of poor blood flow from varicose veins

A 
superficial venous thrombosis
stasis dermatitis
skin ulcerations
superficial infections
poor wound healing
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16
Q

positive FTA-Abs

A

syphilis

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17
Q

amlodipine is a

A

CCB

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18
Q

strawberry hemangiomas

A

children

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19
Q

cherry hemangiomas

A

adults

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20
Q

nitroprusside AE

A

cyanide toxicity

treat with sulfur

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21
Q

IVC formed by

A

union of common iliac veins

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22
Q

age related HTN due to

A

decrease compliance of aorta (aorta stiffening)

isolated systolic HTN

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23
Q

bile acid binding resins AE

A

hypertriglyceridemia

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24
Q

phenoxybenzamine

A

irreversible alpha 1 and 2 antagonist

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25
Q

cliostazol

A 
phosphodiesterase inhibitor (inhibits platelet aggregation)
arterial vasodilator
for intermittent claudication
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26
Q

dipyramidole

A 
phosphodiesterase inhibitor (inhibits platelet aggregation)
arterial vasodilator
for intermittent claudication
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27
Q

great saphenous vein graft

A

inferiorlateral to pubic tubercle

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28
Q

steady state concentration in first order kinetics

A

reach in 4-5 half lives

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29
Q

niacin mofa

A

inhibit hepatic VLDL production

inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue

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30
Q

treatment for hypercholestermia

A

1) statin

2) ezetimbie

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31
Q

treatment for hypertriglyceridemia

A

1) fibrate

2) niacin

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32
Q

1st pharyngeal arch

A

maxillary artery

CN V

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33
Q

2nd pharyngeal arch

A

stapedial and hyoid aa

CN VII

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34
Q

3rd pharyngeal arch

A

Common Carotid a.
proximal portion of Internal carotid a.
CN IX

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35
Q

4th pharyngeal arch

A

left - aortic arch
right - proximal part of right subclavian a.
CN X - superior branch

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36
Q

6th pharyngeal arch

A

ductous arteriousus

CN X - recurrent laryngeal branch

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37
Q

CYP450 inducers

A

BullShit CRAP GPS induces my rage

Barbituates, St john’s wort, carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylurea

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38
Q

CYP450 inhibitors

A

VICKS FACE All Over GQ stops ladies in their tracks
Valproate, isoniazide, cimetidine, ketoconazole, sulfonamides, fluconazole, alcohol (acute), chloramphienicol, erythromycin, amiodarone, omperprazole, grapefruit juice, quinidiine

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39
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

understimulation of alpha one receptors

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40
Q

2nd pharyngeal arch - muscles

A

facial expression

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41
Q

3rd pharyngeal arch - muscles

A

stylopharyngius

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42
Q

4th pharyngea arch - muscles

A

pharynx, soft palate

some laryngeal

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43
Q

6th pharyngeal arch - muscles

A

larynx

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44
Q

niacin induced skin flushing and warmth due to

A

prostaglandins

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45
Q

capsaician

A

reduces pain in PNS by decreasing substance P

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46
Q

plaque rupture

A

MMPs

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47
Q

increased CK means

A

cell membrane damage

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48
Q

IVC filter

A

prevents DVTs

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49
Q

losartan

A

angiotension receptor blocker

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50
Q

which arteries does polyarteritis nodosa tend to spare?

A

pulmonary aa

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51
Q

glomangioma

A

under nail bed

modified smooth muscle cells, invovled in thermoregulation

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52
Q

subungal melanoma

A

under nail bed

pigmented

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53
Q

myxomatous changes means

A

cystic medial degeneration

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54
Q

fenoldapam

A

selective D1 receptor agonist

causes arteriolar dilation

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55
Q

streptokinase SE

A

hemorrhage

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56
Q

Low Vd

A

large molecular wt, charged molecules (hydrophilic), bound to plasma proteins

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57
Q

high vd

A

small molecular wt

lipophilic/hydrophobic/uncharged

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58
Q

saddle nose

A

wegners

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59
Q

weak UE pulses

A

takayasa arteritis

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60
Q

efficacy

A

effect

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61
Q

potency

A

dose

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62
Q

genomic imprinting mofa

A

methylation (add methyl groups to cytosine residues)

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63
Q

ACEI induced renal failure due to

A

efferent arteriolar dilation

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64
Q

Ephinephrine effects on HR

A

dose dependnet, B1

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65
Q

Epinephrine effects on SBP

A

increases

B1 and alpha1

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66
Q

Epinephrine effects on DBP

A

decrease with low dose: B2>alpha1

increase with high dose: alpha1>B2

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67
Q

onion like concentri thickening of arteriolar walls

A

malignant htn

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68
Q

NE extravasation

A

increase alpha1
vasoconstriction
necrosis

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69
Q

oseltamivir

A

neuroaminidase inhibitor

inhibits virion particle RELEASE

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70
Q

Trisomy 18

A

rocker bottom feet, clenched hands

polyhydraminos

71
Q

acyclovir

A

guanosine analog

activated by thymidine kinase

72
Q

cystic hygroma

A

neck mass in turners syndrome

73
Q

Foscarnet mofa for different viruses

A

bind DNA polymerase in HSV

binds RT in HIV

74
Q

inferior thyroid a close to what nerve?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

75
Q

recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates

A

everything except crycothyroid

76
Q

superior thyroid a close to what nerve?

A

superior laryngeal nerve

77
Q

superior laryngeal nerve innervates

A

cricothyroid

78
Q

mono also associated with

A

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

79
Q

cricothyotomy

A

go thru cricothyroid membrane

80
Q

congenital torticollis due to

A

intrauterine malposition

81
Q

high frequency sounds heard

A

base of cochlea (near oval and sound windows)

thin, rigid basilar membrane

82
Q

low frequency sounds hear

A

apex of cochlea (near helicotrema)

83
Q

Weber Test

A

foreheard
louder sound on one side is abnormal
localize with conductive, opposite with sensineural

84
Q

Rhine Test

A

normal – hear better at external auditory meatus
abnormal - hear better at mastoid process
abnormal in affected ear with conductive hearing loss

85
Q

Conductive Hearing Loss

A

Rine test would be abnormal in affect ear

Weber would localize

86
Q

Sensineural Hearing Loss

A

Rhine test would be normal in both

Weber would localized to unaffected ear

87
Q

loud noise damages

A

organ of corti

88
Q

pterion

A

near middle menigeal a which is branch of maxillary

89
Q

bruises

A

petechiae < purpura < ecchymoses

90
Q

acantholysis

A

pemphigus vulgaris

91
Q

melanocytic nevus

A

mole

92
Q

ephelis

A

freckle

93
Q

psoriasis

A

decrease granulosum

increased spinosum

94
Q

seborrheic keratosis

A

stuck on/brown

95
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris

A

IgG against desmosomes
acantholysis
often begins in mouth

96
Q

urticara

A

dermal edema

97
Q

Bullous Pemphigoid

A

IgG against hemidesmosomes (not in mouth)

98
Q

IgA at tips of dermal papillae

A

dermatitis herpetiformis

99
Q

erythema multiforme

A

associated with infections (HSV, mycoplasma)

100
Q

melanocytes

A

neural crest origin

101
Q

apocrine glands

A

malodorous

102
Q

actinic keratosis

A

basal cell atypia, hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis

103
Q

Lichen Planus associations

A

Hep C

lymphocytes at dermal-epidermal junction

104
Q

sunburn due to

A

UVB

105
Q

UVA

A

tanning, photoaging

106
Q

PABA esters

A

only effective against UVB

107
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

sun exposed areas
palisading nuclei
doesn’t metastasize

108
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

keratin pearls

can spread to lymph nodes

109
Q

melanoma

A

BRAF kinase mutations

S-100 marker

110
Q

melanoma - risk of malignancy

A

vertical growth/depth

111
Q

vemurafenib

A

BRAF kinase inhibitor

112
Q

breast retraction

A

coopers ligament infiltration

113
Q

naficillin use

A

skin and soft tissue infections

no MRSA

114
Q

Isotretinon

A

synethic isomer of ATRA

avoid pregnancy

115
Q

Calcipotriene

A

vit D analog (VIT d is nuclear transcription factor)

116
Q

topical corticosteroid use causes

A

atrophy of dermis

117
Q

keloids

A

excessive collagen formation

118
Q

contact dermatitis

A

spongiosis

119
Q

terbafine

A

inhibition of sqalene epoxidase

120
Q

foreign body causes

A

granulomatous inflamm

121
Q

VZV histo

A

multinucleated inclusion bearing giant cells

122
Q

lepromin skin test

A

CD4 Th1 response

+ tuberculoid leprosy

123
Q

xanthelosma

A

also in PBC due to increased cholesterol

124
Q

Tumor Suppressor Genes

A

P53, Rb, BRCA1, APC

125
Q

Oncogenes

A

Abl, C-myc, L-myc, N-myc, RET, HER2/neu, bcl2

126
Q

Glioblastoma multiforme

A

pseudopalisading necrosis - necrosis

127
Q

Anaplastic

A

complete lack of differentiation
no resemblence to original tissue
giant cells

128
Q

Peau d’ orange

A

lymphatic obstruction

129
Q

follicular lymphoma - symptoms

A

indolent

remissions and recurrences

130
Q

dysplasia

A

reversible

131
Q

Rb

A

regulates G1–>S

hyperphosphorylation inactivates

132
Q

bromodeoxyuridine

A

high grade/poor prognosis in brain cancer

133
Q

MRD1

A

Pglycoprotein
ATP dependent efflux pump
likes hydrophobic compounds

134
Q

Angiogenesis

A

VEGF

FGF

135
Q

Invasion

A

decrease E cadherines

increase MMPs

136
Q

Cachexia

A

TNF alpha

137
Q

Oral Contraceptives

A

decrease risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers

138
Q

Ovarian cancer risk decreased by

A

oral contraceptives
multiparity
breast feeding

139
Q

Adhesion

A

integrins bind to fibronectin, collagen, laminin

140
Q

Her2Neu

A

intracellular tyrosine kinase activity

EGFR (increased cellular proliferation)

141
Q

CD8 toxicity

A

apoptosis

142
Q

apoptosis

A

capases = cysteine-aspartic acid proteases

143
Q

MTX

A

folic acid analog
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
myelosuppresion rescue with folinic acid

144
Q

leucovorin

A

folinic acid

145
Q

5-FU

A

pyrimidine canlog

rescue with thymidine

146
Q

Cytarabine

A

pyrimidine analog

147
Q

6MP

A

purine analog
activated by HGPRT
metabolized by xanthine oxidase

148
Q

Dactinomycin

A

intercalates in DNA

Wilms tumor, Ewings sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma

149
Q

Doxorubicin

A

intercalates DNA

cardiotoxicity

150
Q

Dexrazoxane

A

prevent doxorubicin toxicity

151
Q

Bleomycin

A

DNA breaks
testicular cancer, Hodgkins
pulmonary fibrosis

152
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

alkylating agens

mesna to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis

153
Q

Nitrosoueas

A

CNS tumors

alkylating agents

154
Q

Busulfan

A

alkylating agent

pulmonary fibrosis toxicity

155
Q

Alkylating agents

A

cyclophosphamides, nitrousoureas, busulfan

156
Q

Purine Analogs

A

6MP, fludarabine, cladribine

157
Q

Pyrmidine analogs

A

5FU, capecitabine, cytabine, gemcitabine

158
Q

Vincristine/Vinblastine

A

alkloids, M phase, inhibits MT polymeraziation

neutrotoxicity

159
Q

Paciltaxel

A

hyperstabilize microtubules
ovary, breast carcinomas
M phase

160
Q

Cisplatin/carboplatin

A

cross link DNA
nephrotoxicity
acoustic nerve damage

161
Q

Cisplantin - prevent toxicity with

A

amifostine and aggressive hydration

162
Q

Etoposide

A

inhibits top II

163
Q

Tamoxifen

A

SERM

164
Q

Trastuzumab

A

her-2

165
Q

rituximab

A

CD20

166
Q

bevacizumab

A

VEGF

167
Q

cladribine

A

purine/adenosine analog

hair cell leukemia

168
Q

Rabies Vaccine

A

killed vaccine

169
Q

anorectal carcinoma

A

HPV

170
Q

CD 14

A

monocyte/macrophage lineage

171
Q

sarcoidosis response

A

TH1

172
Q

FAD needed for

A

succinate DH

173
Q

MG - type of hypersensitivity

A

type II

First Aid Sections (25 decks)

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