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Pathology > Blood vessels, Cardio, Respi > Flashcards

Blood vessels, Cardio, Respi Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

MC site of involvement of atherosclerosis

A

Lower abdominal aorta and iliac arteries >Coronary > Popliteal >ICA >circle of Willis

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2
Q

major component of Fibrous cap

A

Collagen

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3
Q

RF for abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

Atherosclerosis

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4
Q

RF in ascending aortic aneurysm

A

Hypertension

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5
Q

MCC of dissection

A

Intimal tear

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6
Q

Classification of Dissection with Ascending and Descending

A

DeBakey I

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7
Q

Classification of Dissection with Ascending only

A

DeBakey II

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8
Q

Classification of Dissection with Descending

A

DeBakey III

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9
Q

Classification of Dissection with DeBakey I and II

A

Stanford A

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10
Q

Classification of Dissection with DeBakey III

A

Standford B

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11
Q

MC site of AAA

A

Between Renal Arteries and bifurcation of aorta

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12
Q

Common finding in aortic disease

A

Cystic medial degeneration

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13
Q

MC form of vasculitis among elderly adults in the West

A

Giant cell Arteritis

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14
Q

Vessels affected in GCA

A

Temporal
Ophthalmic
Vertebral
Aorta

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15
Q

Vasculitides: <50 y/o, ocular disturbances with pulseless disease(weak pulse in the UE)

A

Takayasu arteritis

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16
Q

medium-vessel vasculitide

A

Polyaarteritis Nodosa
Kawasaki Disease

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17
Q

Clinical finding in Kawasaki Disease

A

Fever >5 days
Conjunctival injection
Mucosal erythema
Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Polymorphous exanthem

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18
Q

MPO-ANCA (p-Anca) seen in

A

Microscopic polyangiitis
Churg-Strauss Syndrome

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19
Q

Vasculitidies associated with Hepatitis B with findings of abdominal pain and hypertension, fibrinoid necrosis

A

Polyarteritis Nodosa

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20
Q

usually seen assoc with asthma, AR, eosinophilia
Vessel affected: Cutaneous GIT renal
morpho: PAN + extravascular necrotizing granulomas and eosinophil

A

Churg Strauss Syndrome aka Allergic granulomatosis and angiitis

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21
Q

ANCA seen in Wegener granulomatosis

A

PR3-ANCA (c-ANCA)

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22
Q

PAN + Pulmonary involvement (acute necrotizing granulomas)

A

Granulomatosis with Angiitis

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23
Q

Cigarette smoking
tibial and radial affected
Raynaud phenomenon,
instep claudication
phlebitis
ulceration or gangrene

A

Thromboangiitis Obliterans/Buerger Disease

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24
Q

migratory superficial vein thrombophlebitis in Cancer patient

A

Trousseau syndrome

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25
MCC of Lymphangitis
GABHS
26
MC Vascular ectasia
Nevus flammeus/ birth mark
27
Most port wine are caused by somatic single-nucleotide missense mutation in
GNAQ
28
painful mass beneath the fingernails
Glomus tumor/Glomangioma
29
MC HIV related malignancy worldwide
Kaposi sarcoma
30
AD characterized by CNS hemangioblastoma, cavernous hemangiomas, RCC and Pheochromocytoma
Von-Hippel-Lindau disease loss of function of VHL chromosome 3
31
Carvenous lymphangiomas of neck
Turner syndrome
32
MCC of Left sided HF
RSHF
33
MC genetic cause of CHD
trisomy 21
34
Gold standard foe diagnosing CHD
2D echicardiography
35
MC CHD in adults
ASD
36
Diagnostic clues in ASD
Fixed widely split S2 Pulmonary stenosis-like murmur
37
MC CHD
VSD - membranous (90%)
38
Vast majority of VSD lesion close before
4 yr old
39
uncorrected VSD will lead to __________
Eisenmengerization
40
murmur of PDA
Continuous murmur machinery like murmur
41
MC cyanotic CHD
TOF
42
Defect in TOF
Anterosuperior displacement of infundibular septum
43
Components of TOF
VSD RV outflow tract obstruction - subpulmonary stenosis Aorta overriding VSD RVH
44
Pulmonic Stenosis + hypoxic tet spells (paroxysmal worsening of cyanosis) CXR: boot-shape heart
TOF
45
MC type of TGA
Dextro TGA/d-TGA
46
Male infant born to a diabetic mother. upon CXR: it shows an Egg on the side. Diagnosis?
TGA assoc. PDA, VSD
47
most important determinant for prognosis in TOF
Pulmonary Infindibular stenosis
48
Cyanotic Heart Diseases
1 - Truncus arteriousus 2 - TGA 3 - TRIcuspid artresia 4 - TETRAlogy of Fallot 5 - TAPVR
49
MCC of IHD
atherosclerosis of epicardial coronary arteries (CAD)
50
earliest detectable feature of myocyte necrosis
sarcolemmal membrane disruption --> myocardial proteins in blood basis for chemical test in MI
51
MC vessel involved in MI
LAD artery
52
Microscopic morpho in MI: 6-12 hrs
Coagulative necrosis
53
Microscopic morpho in MI: 7-10days
Granulation tissue
54
Microscopic morpho in MI: 3-7 days
macrophages infarct is softest
55
Microscopic morpho in MI: 1-3 days
Acute inflam (PMN)
56
irreversible injury of MI happens
20-30 mins/ 20-40 mins
57
stain to map the infarcted area in MI
Triphenlytetrazolium chloride
58
Scarring complete in MI happens
>2 months dense collageneous scar
59
Gray-white scar in MI appears when
>2-8 weeks
60
Heart with red gray after MI happens when
10-14 days granulation tissue with new blood vessels and collagen deposition
61
Enzyme that assess re infarction
CK-MB
62
Return to normal of Cardiac troponin
5-14 days
63
Return to normal of CK-MB
2-3days
64
Complication of MI, patient had intense pericarditis weeks after
Dressler syndrome
65
MCC of death in MI within 24 hrs
arrhythmia
66
MCC of death in MI within first week
Rupture
67
Important of CO
heart rate
68
MCC of SCID
Coronary artery disease
69
MC mechanism of SCID
lethal arrhythmia (vfib or asystole)
70
MCC of MR
MVP
71
Composed of T cells, plasma cells and Anitschkow cells
Aschoff bodies
72
Cardinal changes in RHD
Leaflet thickening commissural fusion and shortening fusion of the tendinous cords
73
Deformity where there's calcification and fibrous bridging of valvular commissure? commonly seen where
Fish mouth deformity seen in RHD
74
hallmark of IE
vegetations
75
Small bland sterile thrombi loosely attached to the leaflets of cardiac valves no invasion an inflam
NBTE/Marantic Endocarditis assoc with hypercoagulable state
76
Sterile vegetations on either side of the valve leaflets, with an intense vasculitis and fibroid necrosis
Libman-Sacks Endocarditis
77
MCC of hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Genetic mutation encoding for sarcomeric proteins
78
MCC of myocarditis
Coxsackie B
79
MCC of mycarditis: MC Helminthic cause
T. spiralis
80
Becks TRIAD
inc JVP arterial hypotension muffled heart sound
81
MCC of Acute Pericariditis
Fibrous/Serofibrinous
82
most striking clinical finding in acute pericarditis
Pericardial friction rub
83
MC Primary cardiac tumor in adults
Myxoma
84
MC Primary cardiac tumor in children
Rhabdomyosarcoma
85
Dilated dysfunction EF 45-90% Fibrosis Amyloid deposition
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
86
Genetic mutation in Dilated Cardiomyopathy
truncation mutation of TTN gene (Titin protein)

Pathology (18 decks)

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