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Pathology > Cellular response and Inflammation > Flashcards

Cellular response and Inflammation Flashcards

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1
Q

first manifestation of ALMOST ALL forms of injury to cells

A

Cellular Swelling

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2
Q

marker of apoptosis

A

switching of PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE from inner leaflet to outer leaflet of the plasma membrane

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3
Q

pattern of necrosis: Brain

A

Liquefactive necrosis

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4
Q

Pattern of Necrosis: Ischemic necrosis of all solid organs, preserve architecture of dead tissue

A

Coagulative Necrosis

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5
Q

Pattern of Necrosis: Chee-like, Granulomas, Structureless

A

Caseous necrosis

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6
Q

Examples of Caseous necrosis

A

TB, Fungal

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7
Q

Necrosis with Fatty + Calcium ions = Soap (Saponification)

A

Fat necrosis

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8
Q

Example of Fat necrosis

A

Acute pancreatitis - leakage of lipases

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9
Q

Complexes of antigens and antibodies are deposited in the walls of arteries

A

Fibrinoid necrosis

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10
Q

Trigger of Apoptosis

A

Accumulation of damaged DNA
misfolded proteins

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11
Q

Death receptor being activated in Extrinsic pathway

A

Fas CD95 Fas Ligand

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12
Q

inactivation of BLC2 in Intrinsic pathway leads to activation of _________ –> leakage of Cytochrome C

A

BAX/BAK channel

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13
Q

what is being activated in Extrinsic and Intrinsic Apoptosis pathway

A

Activation of Caspases

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14
Q

Most Characteristic feature of apoptosis

A

Chromatin condensation

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15
Q

serve as the mediator of apoptotic pathway

A

Caspases

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16
Q

Initiation phase of Caspases:
Intrinsic;
Extrinsic

A

Intrinsic: Caspases 9
Extrinsic: Caspases 8 and 10

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17
Q

Caspases: Executioner phase

A

Caspase 3 and 6

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18
Q

only endogenous brown-black pigment

A

Melanin

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19
Q

what is sand like lamellated calcification seen in Papillary cancers?
seen in what type of Calcification

A

Psammoma bodies
Dystrophic calfication

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20
Q

this substance activate the inflammasome which leads to IL-1 release

A

TLR

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21
Q

5 cardinal sign of Inflam

A

Rubor
Calor
Dolor
Tumor
FUnctio laesa

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22
Q

cellular infiltrate in Chronic Inflammation

A

Macrophages
monocytes
Lymphocytes

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23
Q

most notable mediator that produces vasodilation

A

Histamine

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24
Q

MC mechanism in increase microvascular permeability

A

Endothelial cell contraction

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25
Receptor in Adhesion
Integrin
26
Receptor family in Rolling
Leukocyte Endothelium Platelets
27
Cellular infiltrates seen in Pseudomonas
Neutrophil
28
Cellular infiltrates seen in Viral inflammation
Lymphocyte - usually first to arrive
29
Anti inflam cyokines in Regulation of the response
LIpoxin TGF-B IL10
30
MC exogenous product in Chemotaxis
N-formlymethionine
31
Site of diapedesis
Postcapillary venules
32
complement protein that can cause chemotaxis
C5
33
stimulates expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and secretion of other cytokines
TNF
34
Cytokine: promotes hematopoiesis
IL-3
35
Cytokine responsible for acute-phase response
IL-6
36
Recruit and migration of cells in tissue
Chemokines
37
Recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils
IL-17
38
Increases production of IFN-gamma
IL-12
39
most abundant complement
C3
40
Classical pathway is activated by ___________ complement initiate the cascade
Immune complexes antibodies C1
41
Mannose binding is activated by
mannose residues in target cells
42
Alternative pathway is activated by Initiated by
microbial products C3
43
complement with anaphylatoxins
C3a, C4a, C5a
44
Opsin, that promotes phagocytosis
C3
45
MC complement deficiency
C2 deficiency
46
C1 inhibitor deficiency
Hereditary angioedema
47
Disorder with Decay accelerating and CD59 deficiency
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
48
Exudation of fibrinogen and fibrin deposition in ECF
Fibrinous
49
Pattern of Acute inflam: Exudation of cell poor fluid
Serous seen in viral infection, burn and transudation
50
Exudation consist of PMNs and necrotic debris
51
type of inflam associated with TB
Chronic Granulomatous inflammation
52
Gp1b deficiency
Bernard Soulier - deficiency in initiating forming platelet plug
53
GpIIb-IIIa deficiency
Glanzmann Thrombastenia - deficiency in clumping of platelet
54
Virchow TRIAD
Endothelial injury Abnormal blood flow Hypercoagulability
55
MC thrombophilia
Factor V Leiden
56
MC form of thromboembolic disease
Pulmonary Embolism
57
MCC of Infarction
Arterial thrombosis or embolism
58
Physiologic parameters of cardiogenic shock
inc preload (impaired outflow of blood) dec CO (pump failure) inc SVR (compensation)
59
proportion of those who INHERIT the gene and express its phenotype
Penetrance
60
variability in phenotypic expression among those who inherit the gene
Expressivity
61
example of X-link dominant
Alport syndrome and Vit D resistant rickets
62
Fragile X syndrome mutation
CGG expansion in FMR1 gene in X chromosome
63
mutation in Huntington Disease
AD CAG expansion on HTT gene on Ch4
64
WAS gene mutation seen in
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome - combined B and T cell disorder
65
TRIAD of Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome
Thrombocytopenia Recurrent Infection Eczema
66
Microdeletion in Thymic aplasia
22q11 -- failure to develop 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches
67
defect in BTK gene: no B cell maturation
X-linked (Bruton) Agammaglobulinemia
68
MC secondary immunodeficiency
AIDS
69
main lab abnormality in HIV
Low CD4 T cells High B cells but dysfunctional
70
MC neoplasm in AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma - caused by HHV-8
71
Etiology of AR SCID
Adenosine deaminase deficiency
72
defect in LYST gene --prob in phagolysosome functioning
Chediak Higashi syndrome
73
Defect in migration and chemotaxis of phagocytes
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency - AR
74
MCC of SCID
XR: defective IL-2 receptor gamma chain
75
major fibrillary protein of Primary amyloidosis
AL - Ig light chain (lambda) Multiple myeloma, Cancer
76
major fibrillary protein of Secondary amyloidosis
AA - Serum Amyloid A
77
major fibrillary protein of HD-associated amyloidosis
ABeta2m (Beta2-microglobulin) Chronic inflam conditions --- often link to RA
78
major fibrillary protein of DM Type I
Autoimmune Lymphocyte predominant
79
major fibrillary protein of DM Type II
AAIAPPA - islet Amyloid peptide
80
Type III hypersensitivity reaction are generally SYSTEMIC, except
Arthus reaction (local)
81
antibody associated with MIXED CT disease
Anti-U1-ribonoculeoprotein (anti-U1-RNP)
82
which organ is the most affected in amlyoidosis
Kidney
83
antibody present in 10-20% of diffuse scleroderma
Anti-Scl 70

Pathology (18 decks)

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