Blood Vessels (LAB PRACTICAL)

Question 1

Tunica Intima/Intern

Answer 1

-Innermost layer of vessels
-Thin layer of endothelium with CT basement membrane

Question 2

Tunica Media

Answer 2

-Circularly arranged smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
-Allows for changes in lumen diameter via vasodilation and vasoconstriction

Question 3

Tunica Adventitia/Externa

Answer 3

-Most superficial layer of blood vessels
-Protects and anchors vessels
-Made of areolar or fibrous CT
-Collagenous

Question 4

Elastic arteries

Answer 4

-Arteries closest to the heart
-Large “Conducting” vessels
-Most expandable

Question 5

Arteries

Answer 5

-Vessels that transport blood away from the heart
-Expands during systole, recoils passively during diastole

Question 6

Muscular arteries

Answer 6

-Medium sized vessels
-Distributing vessels

Question 7

Arterioles

Answer 7

Smallest “Resistance” vessels

Question 8

Capillaries

Answer 8

-Vessels that provide for exchange of materials in tissues
-Endothelial (One cell wall) layers

Question 9

Veins

Answer 9

-Vessels that transport blood towards the heart
-Low pressure due to thin walls and large lumens

Question 10

Adaptations for venous return to right atrium

Answer 10

-Valves: Formed by folds of tunica intima to prevent backflow
-Skeletal muscle pump
-Respiratory pump

Question 10

Respiratory pump

Answer 10

During inspiration a decrease in intra-thoracic pressure and increase in intra-abdominal pressure causes blood to flow from veins in the abdominal region to veins in the thoracic region

Question 11

Four regions of the aorta

Answer 11

-Ascending aorta: Leaves left ventricle
-Aortic arch: Leftwards are after ascending aorta
-Thoracic aorta: Travels downward through thorax
-Abdominal Aorta: Passes through diaphragm into abdominopelvic cavity

Question 12

Arterial branches of ascending aorta

Answer 12

Right and left coronary artery to serve the heart

Question 13

Arterial branches of the aortic arch

Answer 13

-Brachiocephalic trunk: Splits to right common carotid artery and right subclavian
-Left common carotid artery: Splits into left internal and external carotid artery
-Left subclavian artery: Branches into left vertebral artery and left subclavian that serves arm

Question 14

Three branches of celiac trunk and what they serve

Answer 14

-Left gastric artery: Serves the stomach
-Splenic artery: Serves the spleen
-Common hepatic artery: Serves the liver

Question 14

4 arterial branches of the descending thoracic aorta and what they supply

Answer 14

-Intercostal artery: Supply the muscles of the thorax wall
-Bronchial arteries: Supplies the lungs
-Esophageal arteries: Serve the esophagus
-Phrenic arteries: Serve the diaphragm

Question 15

Celiac branch

Answer 15

First branch from abdominal aorta

Question 16

Superior mesenteric artery

Answer 16

Supplies most of the small intestine and first half of large intestine

Question 17

Left & Right renal arteries

Answer 17

Serves the kidneys

Question 18

Left & Right gonadal arteries

Answer 18

-Serve the gonads
-Ovarian in females
-Testicular in males

Question 19

Lumbar arteries

Answer 19

Serve muscles of the abdomen and trunk

Question 20

Inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 20

Supplies the second half of the large intestine

Question 21

Left and right common iliac arteries

Answer 21

Final branches of the aorta

Question 22

Internal iliac arteries

Answer 22

Serve the pelvic organs

Question 23

External iliac arteries

Answer 23

Enters the thigh, then femoral artery, then popliteal artery, and anterior posterior tibial arteries

Question 24

Coronary circulation components

Answer 24

-Coronary arteries branch from the ascending aorta to supply the heart muscles with oxygenated blood -Cardiac veins drain the myocardium of blood -Coronary sinus receives blood from cardiac vein and empties into right atrium

Question 25

Interaterial anastosomes function

Answer 25

Assure continued blood supply despite partial occlusions of individual arteries

Question 26

Source of blood supply for lungs

Answer 26

Bronchial arteries (NOT THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION)

Question 27

Hepatic portal system

Answer 27

-Hepatic portal vein carries blood to the liver -Liver maintain proper glucose, fat, and protein concentrations in the body and filters bodily toxins -Blood drains into the hepatic vein leaving the liver

Question 28

Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis)

Answer 28

-Internal carotid arteries divide into anterior and middle cerebral arteries to supply most of cerebrum -Vertebral arteries join once within the skull to form basilar artery to serve brain stem & cerebellum -Posterior cerebral arteries form division of the basilar artery that supply blood to posterior cerebrum -Small communicating arterial branches unite posterior and anterior blood supply

Question 29

Vena cava

Answer 29

Drain blood from veins to enter the right atrium -Superior: Drains blood from head and arms -Inferior: Drains blood from lower body

Question 30

Cephalic vein

Answer 30

Drains the lateral aspect of the arm and empties into the axillary vein

Question 31

Basilic and cephalic vein jointing

Answer 31

Jointed at the median cubital vein

Question 31

Vertebral vein

Answer 31

Drains posterior part of the head

Question 31

Basilic vein

Answer 31

Drains the medial aspect of the arm and empties into brachial vein

Question 32

Blood drained by subclavian vein

Answer 32

-Blood from axillary vein -Blood from skin and muscles of the head and neck via external jugular vein

Question 33

Azygous vein

Answer 33

Drains thorax

Question 33

Internal jugular vein

Answer 33

Drains the dural sinuses of the brain

Question 34

Left and right brachiocephalic veins receive blood from...

Answer 34

-Subclavian vein -Vertebral vein -Internal jugular veins

Question 35

What forms superior vena cava

Answer 35

Joining of brachiocephalic veins

Question 36

Veins that drain legs

Answer 36

Anterior and posterior tibial vein & fibial veins

Question 37

Route of draining posterior tibial vein

Answer 37

-Posterior tibial vein -Popliteal vein -Femoral vein -External iliac vein

Question 38

Great saphenous vein

Answer 38

-Longest vein of the body -Receives superficial drainage of the legs

Question 39

Common iliac vein

Answer 39

Vein formed by the union of the internal and external iliac vein on its own side

Question 40

Right gonadal vein (What it empties and where it empties to)

Answer 40

-Drains ovary in females and testicles in males -Empties into the renal vein of its own side

Question 41

Renal veins

Answer 41

Drain the kidneys

Question 42

Hepatic portal vein

Answer 42

Drains the digestive organs and travels through the liver before it enters systemic circulation

Question 43

Hepatic veins

Answer 43

Drain the liver

Question 44

Umbilical cord vessels

Answer 44

-Umbilical vein: Carries blood rich and nutrients to the fetus -2 umbilical arteries: Carry CO2 and debris-laden blood from fetus to placenta

Question 45

Bypassing of liver in fetal circulation

Answer 45

Blood passes through ductus venosus and enters inferior vena cava

Question 46

Bypassing of lungs in fetal circulation

Answer 46

-Blood entering right atrium is shunted to left atrium via foramen ovale -Ductus arteriorsus connects aorta and pulmonary trunk which eventually becomes the ligamentum arteriosum at birth