Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BSCI202: Anatomy & Physiology II > Urinary System (LAB PRACTICAL) > Flashcards

Urinary System (LAB PRACTICAL) Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostatic regulation aspects of the urinary system

A

-Water balance
-Acid-base balance in blood
-Plasma ionic composition
-Blood pressure & volume
-Stimulates blood cell production
-Activates vitamin D3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Kidneys

A

Produce urine as a result of carrying out the major functions of the urinary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ureters

A

-Transport urine from kidneys to bladder.
-Continuous with renal pelvis
-Enter posterior aspect of bladder
-Runs behind peritoneum
-Uses peristalsis & gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bladder

A

-Temporary storage reservoir of urine, usually holds 500 mL of urine and is ~5 inches long when moderately full
-Smooth, collapsible, muscular sac
-Contains trigone (Triangular region) at the base
-3 openings: 2 from ureters, 1 from urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Blood vessels of the kidney at the hilum

A

-Renal arteries deliver blood to kidneys for processing
-Renal veins carry blood away from kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Urethra

A

-Thin-walled tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body by peristalsis
-Urine release controlled via control 2 sphincters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Difference between male and female bladder

A

In males prostate gland surrounds bladder neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Urinary bladder wall

A

-3 layers of smooth muscle collectively called detrusor muscle
-Mucosa made of transitional epithlium
-Walls are thick and folded in an empty bladder
-Bladder can expand without increasing internal pressure due to folded cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 sphincters controlling urine release

A

-Internal urethral sphincter: Involuntary and made of smooth muscle
-External urethral sphincter: Voluntary and made of skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Male vs Female urethra

A

-Length: 20cm in Males, 2-4cm in Females
-Location: male through prostate & penis, female next to wall of the vagina
-Function: Male carries urine and sperm, female only carries urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Kidney location

A

-Against dorsal body wall
-At the level of T12 to L3 vertebrae
-Right kidney is slightly lower than left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Renal cortex

A

Outer region of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Renal medulla

A

Region inside the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Inner collecting tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Renal hilam

A

Medial indentation where several structures enter or exit the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Adrenal gland

A

Gland that sits above the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Renal/Fibrous capsule

A

Most superficial covering surrounding each kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Renal fascia

A

Outermost capsule that helps hold the kidney in place against the muscles of the trunk wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

2 layers of fat surrounding kidney

A

-Inside of renal fascia: Perirenal fat between capsule of the kidney fascia. Surrounds kidney and cushions against blows
-Outside renal fascia: Pararenal fascia

19
Q

Nephroptosis/Renal ptosis

A

The change of position of kidneys where they drop in the body cavity. May be due to loss of perirenal fat

20
Q

Blood supply and flow through kidneys

A

-25% of total bodys volume passes through the kidneys each minute
-Renal artery branches from abdominal aorta and provides arterial blood supply to kidney
-Renal vein drains blood from the kidneys to inferior vena cava

21
Q

Nephron

A

-Structural & functional unit of the kidney responsible for forming urine
-Associated with the glomerular capillary bed and peritubular capillaries

22
Q

-2 major structures of the nephron

A

-Renal corpuscle: Glomerular capillary bed & glomerular capsule
-Renal tubule

23
Q

Renal tubule extension from glomerular/bowmans capsule

A

-Glomerular/Bowmans capsule
-Proximal convoluted tubule
-Nephron loop
-Distal convoluted tubule

24
Renal corpuscle
Site of filtration: Portion of blood passes from glomerular capillaries into the glomerular capsule
25
Glomerulus
-Knot of capillaries -Supplied by afferent arterioles & drained by efferent arterioles -Under high pressure to force fluid and small solutes out of blood and into bowmans capsule -Covered by podocytes of the visceral layer of glomerular capsule
26
Glomerular capsule
-Beginning of the renal tubule -Encloses glomerulus -Visceral layer: podocytes with foot processes that form the part of the filtration membrane -Parietal layer: Outer impermeable wall
27
Peritubular capillary bed
-Arise from efferent arteriole of the glomerulus -Normal, low pressure capillaries -Adapted for absorption instead of filtration -Cling close to the renal tubule to reabsorb substances from collecting tubes
28
Path of filtrate through renal tubule
-Glomerular capsule -Proximal convoluted tubule -Nephron loop -Distal convoluted tubule
29
Collecting duct
-Distal convoluted tubules empty into the collecting duct -Receives urine from many nephrons -Runs through the medullary pyramids -Delivers urine into the calyces and renal pelvis
30
Nephron types
-Cortical nephrons: Located entirely in cortex. 85% of all nephrons -Juxtamedullary nephrons: Found at boundary of cortex and medullar. Large role in concentrating urine
31
Basic renal processes (Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion)
-Filtration: Glomerulus to glomerular capsule -Reabsorption: Renal tubule to peritubular capillaries -Secretion: Peritubular capillaries to renal tubule -Excretion: Renal tubules out of the body
32
Urine formation steps
-Glomerular filtration: Water & solutes smaller than proteins forced through capillary walls and pores of bowmans capsule into renal tubule -Tubular reabsorption: H2O, GLU, amino acids, and ions transported out of filtrate into tubule cells and then enter peritubular capillaries -Tubular secretion: H+, K+ creatinine, and drugs removed from peritubular blood and secreted into filtrate
33
Urine characteristics
-1-1.8 Liters produced in 24 hrs -Filtrate contains everything plasma does except proteins -Urine is what remains after filtrate has lost most of its water, nutrients, and ions -Contains nitrogenous wastes and useless substances -Slightly aromatic -Normal pH around 6 -Specific gravity of 1.001 to 1.030
34
Specific gravity
Relative weight of a specific volume of liquid compared with an equal volume of distilled water -Dissolved solutes cause a given volume of urine to weigh more than the same volume of water
35
Solutes normally found in urine
-Sodium and potassium ions -Urea, uric acid, creatinine -Ammonia -Bicarbonate ions
36
Solutes not normally found in urine
-Glucose -Blood proteins -RBC's -Hemoglobin -WBC's -Bile
37
Glycosuria
-Glucose in urine -Can be caused by uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or excessive carb intake
38
Proteinuria
-Presence of protein in urine. Albumin being most abdundant -Increased permeability of glomerular filtration membrane -Can be caused by ingestion of poison/toxins, hypertension, physical exertion, or pregnancy
39
Hematuria
-Presence of RBC's in blood -Irritation of urinary tract organs that can result in bleeding or leakage of RBC's through damaged filtration membrane -Can be caused by bleeding in tract, kidney stones, tract tumors, trauma to tract, damaged filtration membrane
39
Ketonuria
-Presence of ketone bodies in urine -Excessive production of and accumulation of fat metabolism intermediates that can cause acidosis -Can be called by diabetes mellitus, starvation, or low carb diets
40
Hemoglobinuria
-Presence of hemoglobin in blood -Fragmentation of RBC's can result in Hgb in plasma and filtrate -Can be caused by hemolytic anemia, transfusion reactions, sever burns, poison snake bites, renal disease
41
Nitrituria
-Presence of nitrites in urine -Results when gram negative bacteria reduce nitrates to nitrite -Caused by UTI's
42
Bilirubunuria
-Presence of bile pigments in urine -Increase levels of bilirubin in the urine as a result of liver damage or blockage of bile duct -Caused by hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, gallstones
43
Pyuria
-Presence of WBC's in blood -Presence of WBC's or pus in urine caused by urinary tract inflammation -Caused by UTI's or gonorrhea
44
Path of blood from aorta to glomerulus
-Aorta -Renal Artery -Interlobar artery -Arcuate artery -Cortical radiate artery -Afferent arteriole -Glomerulus
45
Path of blood from glomerulus to inferior vena cava
-Glomerulus -Efferent arterioles -Peritubular capillaries -Cortical radiate vein -Arcuate vein -Interlobar vein -Renal vein -Inferior vena cava

BSCI202: Anatomy & Physiology II (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions