SHS 300 > bones > Flashcards

bones Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

frontal bone

A 
-unpaired
articulates:
-zygomatic
-nasal bone
-parietal bone
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2
Q

sutures

A
  • coronal
  • saggital
  • squamous
  • lamboidal
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3
Q

parietal bone

A
  • paired
  • connect at midline saggital
  • temporal - squamous
  • frontal - coronal
  • occipital - lamboidal
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4
Q

temporal

A
  • paired

- 4 parts

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5
Q

temporal

sqaumous

A
  • superior semi-circular
  • thinnest
  • roof of EAM
  • zygomatic process
  • base of zygomatic process forms mandibular fossa
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6
Q

temporal

tympanic

A
  • anterior and inferior walls of ear canal
  • thicker than squamous
  • styloid process beneath ear canal
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7
Q

temporal

petrous

A
  • thicker and deep to tympanic

- deep cavity housing cochlea and semicircular canals

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8
Q

temporal

mastoid

A
  • posterior of temporal
  • rise to mastoid process
  • less dense than temporal or petrous
  • muscle attachments
  • contains air cells
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9
Q

temporal bone foramen

A
  • mandibular fossa
  • external auditory meatus
  • internal auditory meatus
  • stylomastoid
  • cartoid canal
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10
Q

mandibular fossa

A

-depression for TMJ

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11
Q

external auditory meatus

A

-external ear canal

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12
Q

internal auditory meatus

A

-cranial nerves VII and VIII

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13
Q

stylomastoid

A
  • CN VII exits skull

- stylomastoid artery

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14
Q

carotid canal

A

-entry for internal carotid artery into skull

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15
Q

occipital bone

A
  • unpaired
  • foramen magnum
  • paired condyles - C1
  • articulates:
  • sphenoid bone at anterior of foramen magnum
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16
Q

foramen magnum

A

-junction of spinal cord and brainstem

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17
Q

ethmoid bone

A
  • single bone
  • internal medial portion of skull
  • cranial and facial bone
  • downward - perpendicular plate
  • lateral = middle & superior nasal concha
  • superior to concha is cribform plate
  • superior and medial - crista galli
  • lateral orbital plates articulate:
  • frontal
  • maxilla
  • lacrimal
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18
Q

cribform plate

A
  • form boundary between nasal and cranial cavity

- tiny holes for C1 - olfactory nerve

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19
Q

skull

A

22 bones

-synarthroidal sutures

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20
Q

cranial skeleton

A
  • neurocranium

- protective vault for brain

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21
Q

neurocranium bones

A
  • frontal
  • parietal - 2
  • temporal - 2
  • occipital
  • ethmoid
  • sphenoid
  • 8
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22
Q

facial skeleton

A

splanchnocranium

-bones of face and lower portion of orbit

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23
Q

splanchnocranium bones

A
  • vomer
  • inferior concha - 2
  • nasal - 2
  • maxilla - 2
  • mandible
  • palatine - 2
  • zygomatic - 2
  • lacrimal - 2
  • 14
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24
Q

additional bones

A
  • 3 ME bones
  • in temporal bone
  • hyoid - adjacent to skull but not skull bone
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25
foramen of orbit
- superior orbital fissure | - inferior orbital fissure
26
superior orbital fissure
- oculomotor nerve - trochlear nerve - opthalmic nerve - opthalmic vein
27
inferior orbital fissure
- maxillary nerve - V2 | - zygomatic branch VII
28
sphenoid bone
- forms part of orbital, nasal and pharyngeal cavities - division between & forms part of anterior & middle cranial fossae - forms large part of anteromedial skull - connects many bones - houses sphenoid sinuses
29
sphenoid superior view
- body is posterior and situated medially - posteromedial is hypophyseal fossa - lesser wings visable
30
hypophyseal fossa
- houses pituitary gland - anterior border - tuberculum sellae - posterior border - dorsum sellae - clivus behind dorsum sellae and anterior to foramen magnum
31
sphenoid anterior view
- top most structure lesser wings - plates project from body - superior surface forms posterior portion of anterior cranial fossa - inferior surface is roof of superior orbital fissure (CN III, IV, V, VI) - superior orbital fissure divides lesser and upper wings
32
sphenoid posterior view
- triangular portion fills gap between squamous and petrous temporal bone - spine on bottom of wing muscle attachment for TVP - inferior surface forms groove for eustachian tube - medial surface of temporal surface forms lateral wall of orbit
33
sphenoid articulates:
``` ALL bones of cranium -occipital -parietal -frontal -temporal -ethmoid some facial -vomer -palatine -maxillary -zygomatic ```
34
sphenoid foramen
- foramen ovale | - foramen rotundum
35
foramen ovale
- mandibular nerve V3 - lesser petrosal nerve - accessory meningeal artery
36
foramen rotundum
- maxillary nerve V2 | - infraorbital branch
37
pterygoid plates
- medial and lateral plates descend from jxn of wings and body - cleft between plates forms notch & fossa - lateral pterygoid plates forms orgin of lateral and medial pterygoid muscles - medial plate forms post boundary of lateral wall of nasal cavity * *ends in tiny hook called hamulus - TVP loops through hamulus and ends in velum - posterior border of medial plate is attachment for SPC - margin of medial plate articulates with palatine bone
38
nasal bone
-small bones making up superior nasal surface articulate: -frontal bone superiorly -maxillae laterally -perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone *point of attachment for each nasal cartilage
39
maxillae
- paired - body + 4 processes - surface form much of floor of orbit - contains infraorbital margin that runs from frontal to zygomatic process - nasal crest with nasal spine is medial ridge formed from palatine process
40
zygomatic process of maxillae
-anterior termination of zygomatic bone
41
frontal process of maxillae
-directed upwards to connect with frontal bone and form lateral wall of nasal cavity
42
alveolar process of maxillae
-houses teeth
43
palatine process of maxillae
- lateral plates form 3/4 of roof of and anterior oral cavity - floor of nasal cavity
44
maxillae articulates
articulate: - frontal - ethmoid - nasal - lacrimal - zygomatic - palatine - vomer - inferior nasal concha - opposite maxilla
45
maxillae foramen
- infraorbital foramen | - incisive foramen
46
infraorbital foramen
- infraorbital nerve - V2 | - innervates upper lip, medial cheek, side of nose
47
incisive foramen
- nasopalatine nerve - V2 | - lower posterior part of nasal septum, lingual gums w/maxillary incisor and canine teeth
48
palatine bone
- paired - located behind maxilla - forms posterior nasal cavity (floor and lateral wall) - posterior roof of oral cavity - floor of orbit - medially form nasal spine and crest - soft palate continue off palatine - posterior edge bone turns upward laterally - forms perpendicular plate which is posterolateral wall of nasal cavity
49
palatine bone articulate
- sphenoid - ethmoid - inferior nasal concha - vomer
50
inferior nasal concha
- paired - tiny, scroll like - inferior walls of nasal cavity - connect anteriorly maxilla - connect posteriorly palatine - connect superiorly ethmoid * inferior border is free and forms lateral and superior margins of inferior meatus
51
vomer
- unpaired - forms inferior and posterior nasal septum - anteriorly connects to nasal cartilage - posterior border free
52
vomer articulates
- perpendicular plate of ethmoid | - rostrum of sphenoid superiorly
53
lacrimal bone
- paired - smalled facial bone - orbital and nasal surface - bones form medial nasal wall
54
lacrimal articulates
- frontal - ethmoid - maxilla - inferior nasal concha
55
zygomatic
- zygomatic arch = cheekbones - 4 sided body with 4 processes - temporal process - frontal process - maxillary process - orbital process * site of important muscle attachments
56
zygomatic articulates
- frontal - sphenoid - maxilla - temporal
57
mandible
- jaw bone - heavy bone supporting lower teeth - connect to skull - TMJ - single bone in adults - joined at mental symphysis at 1 yr - anterior point is chin - upper surface is alveolar arch of teeth - arch is continuous with posterior mandibular ramus - ramus curves 90 degrees up and divides to condyle and coronoid
58
coronoid process of ramus
- anterior - sharp projection - attach temporalis
59
condyle process of ramus
-posterior -head and neck -attach TMJ -pterygoid fovea small depression near head for lateral pterygoid attachments
60
role of jaw
``` -only bony articulator of skull primary function -open oral tract for respiration -crush and grind in mastication speech note -primary articulator in speech and song ```
61
mental foramen
- mental nerve is branch of alveolar nerve V3 - innervates: - skin of lower chin - lower lip - mucosal membrane of lower lip - mandible incisor and canine - exits mandibular foramen to main trunk
62
jaw disorders
- malocclusion - TMJ syndrome - congenital mandibular hypoplasia - inadequate mandible development - cleft palate
63
frontal sinus
- behind superciliary arch - paired sinus in frontal bone - not full until puberty - drain to middle meatus
64
maxillary sinus
- within maxillary bone - present at birth - drain to middle meatus
65
ethmoid sinus
- in ethmoid bone - present at birth - complex labyrinth of air spaces - drain in superior and middle meatus
66
sphenoid sinus
- paired sinuses separated by variable midline spetum - forms in third year of life - opening behind superior turbinate of nasal cavity
67
bones of orbit
- frontal - ethmoid - sphenoid - maxillae - palatine - lacrimal - zygomatic
68
bones of nasal cavity
``` walls -maxillae -palatine bone -pterygoid plate -ethmoid -inferior concha -lacrimal enclosed -nasal bone above floor -palatine -maxilla septum -vomer ```
69
bones of roof of mouth
- hard palate - palatine - maxillae
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