Bones Quiz

Question 1

Which of these bone types is NOT matched with the correct example?
Question 1Select one:

a.
irregular bone-vertebrae

b.
long bone-humerus

c.
short bone-clavicle

d.
flat bone-scapula

Answer 1

short bone clavicle

Question 2

The perichondrium
Question 2Select one:

a.
contains blood vessels and nerves.

b.
covers the surface of articular cartilage.

c.
is important for the storage of fat.

d.
surrounds each lacuna in the matrix.

e.
contains mainly loose connective tissue.

Answer 2

contains blood vessels and nerves

Question 3

The ends of long bones are called
Question 3Select one:

a.
diaphyses.

b.
lamellae.

c.
epiphyses.

d.
trabeculae.

Answer 3

epiphyses

Question 4

Endochondral ossification
Question 4Select one:

a.
produces bone in connective tissue membranes.

b.
involves calcification of the cartilage matrix.

c.
occurs when chondrocytes replace osteoblasts in the matrix.

d.
occurs primarily in the bones of the skull.

Answer 4

involves calcification of the cartilage matrix

Question 5

Membrane-covered spaces between developing skull bones are called
Question 5Select one:

a.
central canals.

b.
endochondral openings.

c.
fontanels.

d.
perforating canals.

e.
centers of ossification.

Answer 5

fontanels

Question 6

The surface of the medullary cavity of long bones is lined with a connective tissue membrane called
Question 6Select one:

a.
perichondrium.

b.
endosteum.

c.
lamellae.

d.
periosteum.

e.
epiphyseal plates.

Answer 6

endosteum

Question 7

Hydrogen ions are pumped across the ruffled border, producing an acid environment. This describes the activity of
Question 7Select one:

a.
osteocytes.

b.
osteoblasts.

c.
osteoclasts.

Answer 7

osteoclasts

Question 8

Secondary ossification centers
Question 8Select one:

a.
are located in the fontanels.

b.
appear during early fetal development.

c.
are located in the epiphysis of the bone.

d.
are located in the diaphysis of the bone.

e.
are locations for intramembranous ossification.

Answer 8

located in the epiphyses of the bone

Question 9

A deficiency of vitamin C in the diet can result in
Question 9Select one:

a.
all of these

b.
poor wound healing.

c.
scurvy.

d.
growth retardation in children.

e.
decreased collagen synthesis.

Answer 9

all of these

Question 10

Growth in the length of a long bone stops when
Question 10Select one:

a.
the articular cartilage becomes completely ossified.

b.
appositional growth at the periosteum stops.

c.
intramembranous ossification is complete.

d.
the epiphyseal plate becomes completely ossified.

Answer 10

the epiphyseal plate becomes completely ossified

Question 11

Cartilage
Question 11Select one:

a.
is easily replaced if damaged.

b.
often occurs in thin plates or sheets.

c.
receives nutrients and oxygen by diffusion.

d.
has a good blood supply.

e.
A and B

Answer 11

A & B

Question 12

Fetal bone tissue that has collagen fibers randomly oriented in many directions is
Question 12Select one:

a.
lamellar bone.

b.
short bone.

c.
long bone.

d.
woven bone.

Answer 12

woven bone

Question 13

Which of these locations does NOT contain red marrow in an adult?
Question 13Select one:

a.
vertebrae

b.
sternum

c.
ribs

d.
proximal femur

e.
skull

Answer 13

skull

Question 14

Which of these structures is found within an osteon?
Question 14Select one:

a.
periosteum

b.
interstitial lamella

c.
circumferential lamella

d.
all of these

e.
concentric lamella

Answer 14

concentric lamella

Question 15

In a long bone, the epiphyseal plate is
Question 15Select one:

a.
the location where growth occurs.

b.
the outer membrane layer on the diaphysis.

c.
the location for fat storage.

d.
produced when the epiphyseal line changes to bone.

e.
located in the center of the diaphysis.

Answer 15

the location where growth occurs

Question 16

__________ are stem cells that have the ability to become osteoblasts or chondroblasts.
Question 16Select one:

a.
Chondrocytes

b.
Osteoprogenitor cells

c.
Osteons

d.
Osteoclasts

e.
Osteocytes

Answer 16

osteoprogenitor cells

Question 17

Given these cells: 1. osteoblasts 2. osteocytes 3. osteoprogenitor cells Which of these sequences represents the order in which they are produced?
Question 17Select one:

a.
2,1,3

b.
3,1,2

c.
1,3,2

d.
1,2,3

e.
2,3,1

Answer 17

3,1,2

Question 18

Which of these bones is produced at least partly by intramembranous ossification?
Question 18Select one:

a.
clavicle

b.
frontal

c.
parietal

d.
all of these

e.
mandible

Answer 18

all of these

Question 19

Bundles of collagen fibers that penetrate the periosteum into the outer part of the bone are called
Question 19Select one:

a.
diaphyses.

b.
epiphyses.

c.
endosteums.

d.
perforating fibers.

e.
trabeculae.

Answer 19

perforating fibers

Question 20

Given these passageways:

1. canaliculi
2. central (haversian) canal
3. blood vessels in periosteum
4. perforating (Volkmann’s) canal

Which of these represents the correct order as nutrients pass from outside the bone to the osteocytes?
Question 20Select one:

a.
2,4,1,3

b.
3,4,2,1

c.
4,3,2,1

d.
3,1,4,2

e.
1,2,3,4

Answer 20

3,4,2,1

Question 21

Which of these structures is found in compact bone, but not in cancellous bone?
Question 21Select one:

a.
central (haversian) canals

b.
osteoclasts

c.
lamellae

d.
canaliculi

e.
osteocytes

Answer 21

central (haversian) canals

Question 22

Which portion of a long bone stores yellow marrow in adults?
Question 22Select one:

a.
the epiphysis

b.
the medullary cavity

c.
periosteum

d.
compact bone

e.
the epiphyseal plate

Answer 22

the medullary cavity

Question 23

Which of these disorders is caused by a bacterium?
Question 23Select one:

a.
osteogenesis imperfecta

b.
osteomyelitis

c.
osteoporosis

d.
acromegaly

e.
osteomalacia

Answer 23

osteomyelitis

Question 24

Cancellous bone
Question 24Select one:

a.
is located in the diaphyses of long bones.

b.
forms the outer surface of most bones other than long bones.

c.
does not contain marrow.

d.
is composed of delicate interconnecting rods or plates called trabeculae.

e.
has no osteocytes.

Answer 24

is composed of delicate interconnecting rods or plates called trabeculae

Question 25

Which of these connective tissue types has proteoglycans in its matrix? Question 25Select one: a. bone b. tendons c. ligaments d. both c and d e. cartilage

Answer 25

cartilage

Question 26

Which of these statements is NOT true regarding bone? Question 26Select one: a. Osteoblasts produce bone matrix. b. Osteocytes are found in lacunae. c. Osteoclasts break down bone. d. Osteocytes are osteoblasts that have become surrounded by matrix. e. Osteocytes are connected to each other by Volkmann's canals.

Answer 26

osteocytes are connected to each other by Volkmann's canals

Question 27

Osteomalacia can occur as a result of a Question 27Select one: a. vitamin D deficiency. b. lack of sex hormones. c. lack of growth hormone. d. lack of thyroid hormone. e. vitamin C deficiency.

Answer 27

Vitamin D deficiency

Question 28

Arrange the following events in the correct order of occurrence after a bone is broken. 1. osteoblasts produce ossification 2. hematoma formation 3. internal fibrocartilage callus and external bone-cartilage callus formation 4. woven bone is remodeled to form compact bone Question 28Select one: a. 1,2,3,4 b. 2,3,4,1 c. 2,4,3,1 d. 2,3,1,4 e. 2,4,1,3

Answer 28

2,3,1,4

Question 29

Which of these statements concerning bone growth are correct? Question 29Select one: a. Too much growth hormone can cause dwarfism. b. Achondroplastic dwarfism is caused by too much thyroid hormone. c. Testosterone and estrogen prevent ossification of the epiphyseal plate. d. Increased amounts of testosterone and estrogen cause a rapid increase in bone growth. e. Too little growth hormone can cause a condition called acromegaly.

Answer 29

increased amounts of testosterone and estrogen cause a rapid increase in bone growth

Question 30

In endochondral ossification, the perichondrium that surrounded the hyaline cartilage becomes Question 30Select one: a. circumferential lamellae. b. perforating canals. c. periosteum. d. lacunae. e. osteons.

Answer 30

periosteum

Question 31

PTH is secreted from the __________ , whereas calcitonin is secreted from the __________ . Question 31Select one: a. parathyroid gland, thyroid gland b. pancreas, pituitary c. thyroid gland, pancreas d. adrenal gland, thyroid gland e. thyroid gland, parathyroid gland

Answer 31

parathyroid gland, thyroid gland

Question 32

Which of these correctly describes appositional growth of cartilage? Question 32Select one: a. Chondroblasts in the perichondrium lay down new matrix. b. New osteons are formed from osteoblasts. c. Canaliculi connect between chondrocytes to allow transport of nutrients. d. Fibroblasts produce new chondroblasts. e. Chondrocytes in the center of the cartilage lay down new matrix.

Answer 32

chondroblasts in the perichondrium lay down new matrix

Question 33

Which type of bone growth is responsible for an increase in the diameter of bones? Question 33Select one: a. appositional growth b. intramembranous growth c. trabecular growth d. endochondral growth e. interstitial growth

Answer 33

appositional growth

Question 34

Parathyroid hormone causes Question 34Select one: a. decreased blood calcium levels. b. increased bone breakdown. c. increased chondroblast activity. d. increased calcium lost in the urine. e. all of these

Answer 34

increased bone breakdown

Question 35

Cells that produce new cartilage matrix are called Question 35Select one: a. chondroclasts. b. chondroblasts. c. chondrocytes. d. fibroblasts. e. osteoblasts.

Answer 35

chondroblasts

Question 36

Regarding skeletal system function, Question 36Select one: a. bone often serves as a model for cartilage growth. b. cartilage serves as an important mineral storage area. c. blood cells are produced in the marrow of many bones. d. all of these e. tendons connect bone to bone.

Answer 36

blood cells are produced in the marrow of many bones

Question 37

The outer layer of bone, composed of dense, irregular, collagenous connective tissue that contains blood vessels and nerves is called Question 37Select one: a. the epiphyseal plate. b. endosteum. c. periosteum. d. concentric lamellae. e. the diaphysis.

Answer 37

periosteum

Question 38

Intramembranous ossification is usually complete by __________ years of age, whereas endochondral ossification is usually complete by __________ years of age. Question 38Select one: a. 10, 25 b. 5, 10 c. 10,2 d. 2, 25 e. 25, 5

Answer 38

2, 25

Question 39

Given these zones within the epiphyseal plate: 1. zone of calcification 2. zone of hypertrophy 3. zone of proliferation 4. zone of resting cartilage Arrange them in the correct order, from the epiphysis to the diaphysis. Question 39Select one: a. 1,3,4,2 b. 3,2,1,4 c. 2,4,1,3 d. 4,3,2,1 e. 1,2,3,4

Answer 39

4,3,2,1

Question 40

Which of these substances is present in the largest quantity in bone? Question 40Select one: a. lacunae cartilage b. collagen c. hydroxyapatite d. proteoglycan aggregates

Answer 40

hydroxyapatite