Booklet 3 - Significance of the Manchurian Crisis 1931-3 Flashcards
(21 cards)
what had affected Japan badly?
wall street crash 1929
as exports hit hard and they had a growing population/lack of raw materials.
many wanted to act in accordance with the tanaka memorial
which said that japan was forced to expand into china to survive
Northern expedition and japan
by 1928 CKS had unified most of china
this threatened japan as china was becoming stronger
so japan killed the manchurian warlord BUT Zhang Xueliang remained loyal to china (his son)
disease
CKS said that japan was only a disease of the skin
and that they needed to focus on the CCP who were a disease of the heart
manchuria geography
directly borders korea - japanese protectorate
japan’s war cabinet
japanese military believed in the principles of the tanaka memorial, whereas Tokyo was more diplomatic
when was the mukden incident
18 september 1931
what happened at mukden
japanese army blew up part of the South Manchuria railway and blamed it on the Chinese
in retaliation (without waiting for government approval) Mukden was occupied by the Kwantung army
name of the japanese military
Kwantung army
china’s response to the mukden incident
reflected Chiang’s personal beliefs
although public opinion demanded resistance, CKS wanted to wait until China was united and strong enough to fight Japan.
CKS ordered Zhang Xueliang to remove troops and appealed to the LoN to protect China from Japan
chinese people’s response to the mukden incident
national salvation movement emerged - demanded resistance against japan. wanted to hinder japanese expansion.
boycott of Japanese goods - sales cut by 2/3
when was manchuria conquered
by 1932
puyi was installed as chief executive of the puppet regime
development of manchuko
developed as a japanese colony
set up an airline, roads were built and japanese department stores opened
chinese people in manchuria fighting against the japanese control
guerrilla campaigns which attacked japanese garrisons, citizens and railways
they were quelled by 1937 due to brutal campaigns by the Kwantung army and a lack of support from CKS
conflict in Shanghai - causes
a japanese agent paid chinese men to attack a group of japanese monks in shanghai. this justified the japanese imperial navy to begin military operations.
this was in response to the goods boycott
started a 5 week war.
conflict in shanghai - events
air bombardments and 70,000 troops japanese troops occupied the city
200,000 civilians fled
damage to enterprises, houses and schools was at $1.5 billion.
conflict in shanghai - impact
public opinion opposed japan
CKS refused to attack as he believed they weren’t strong enough
japan expanding into provinces
Rehe then, with no resistance from CKS, Hopei.
Wang Jingwei
senior GMD member
authorised tanggu treaty to halt hostilities
terms of tanggu
japan control manchuria, rehe and hopei
DMZ around beijing and tianjin
consequences of tanggu - 3
- short term peace
- another humiliation for china
- anti-foreign feeling
