Bovine Pregnancy and Parturition

Question 1

The CL of ruminants produces what hormone?

Answer 1

Oxytocin

Question 2

Oxytocin stimulates e_______ cells to produce P____

Answer 2

Oxytocin stimulates endometrial cells to produce PGF2a

Question 3

P4 inhibits the release of what hormone?

Answer 3

Oxytocin

Question 4

What occurs after pulsatile PGF2a?

Answer 4

Luteolysis

Question 5

How many days post ovulation does maternal recognition of pregnancy occur in the cow?

Answer 5

15 - 17 days

Question 6

What hormone is secreted by the embryo that acts on endometrial cells to inhibit oxytocin release?

Answer 6

IFN-tau

Question 7

P4 exerts a negative feedback on what type of neuron?

Answer 7

GnRH

Question 8

Cows have what type of placenta?

Answer 8

Cotyledonary

Question 9

One of the positive signs of pregnancy in the cow is a fetal membrane slip. After how many days does this occur?

Answer 9

30-70 days

Question 10

When does the amniotic vesicle form?

Answer 10

Day 28 - 65

Question 11

After how many months does the placentome form?

Answer 11

3 months

Question 12

After how many days can the fetus be detected via ballottement or palpation?

Answer 12

> 65 days

Question 13

F__ ___ ___, a____ _____, p_____ and f___ are the four positive signs of pregnancy

Answer 13

Fetal membrane slip, amniotic vesicles, placentomes and fetus are the four positive signs of pregnancy

Question 14

At what stage of gestation is the fetus the size of a mouse?

Answer 14

2 months

Question 15

At 6 months into gestation, what does the fetus resemble?

Answer 15

beagle dog

Question 16

After how many days is a transrectal ultrasound accurate in pregnancy diagnosis?

Answer 16

> 30days

Question 17

After how many days can the gender of the fetus be determined by transrectal ultrasound?

Answer 17

60-80 days

Question 18

Name the 2 pregnancy hormones in maternal blood.

Answer 18

1. Progesterone

2. Oestrogens

Question 19

Milk ______ is a chemical indicator of pregnancy in cows

Answer 19

Milk progesterone is a chemical indicator of pregnancy in cows

Question 20

What does high milk progesterone indicate?

Answer 20

Presence of CL

Question 21

After >100 days of gestation, this product of the placenta can be detected to confirm a pregnancy diagnosis

Answer 21

Blood estrone sulphate

Question 22

What protein accurately detects pregnant cows 34 days post insemination?

Answer 22

Bovine Pregnancy Specific Protein B

Question 23

Symmetric uterus is a supportive sign of pregnancy. True or False?

Answer 23

False - asymmetrical uterus is a sign of pregnancy

Question 24

What is the fremitus?

Answer 24

Middle uterine artery

Question 25

What triggers the onset of parturition?

Answer 25

Fetus

Question 26

What does the fetal pituitary secrete in response to space limitation and onset of parturition?

Answer 26

ACTH

Question 27

What hormone is released from the fetal adrenal cortex in response to ACTH secretion from the fetal pituitary?

Answer 27

Cortisol

Question 28

What does the fetus do in the first stage of parturition?

Answer 28

Rotates

Question 29

The chorioallantois ruptures in the first stage of parturition - True or False?

Answer 29

True

Question 30

During the 1st stage of parturition, what does the cervix do?

Answer 30

Dilates

Question 31

The Ferguson's reflex occurs in what stage of parturition?

Answer 31

2nd

Question 32

Foetal expulsion occurs in which stage of parturition?

Answer 32

2nd

Question 33

What occurs in the 3rd and final stage of parturition?

Answer 33

Expulsion of fetal membranes

Question 34

Name the 2 drugs that can be administered to induce parturition in the cow.

Answer 34

1. Dexamethasone | 2. Prostaglandins

Question 35

Administering prostaglandin induces calving within how many hours?

Answer 35

48hrs

Question 36

Administering dexamethasone induces calving within how many hours?

Answer 36

70 hrs

Question 37

What is the risk associated with inducing parturition?

Answer 37

Retained fetal membranes/ placenta

Question 38

Primary uterine inertia is usually caused by the failure of what?

Answer 38

Myometrial contraction failure

Question 39

Myometrial exhaustion can lead to what?

Answer 39

Secondary uterine inertia

Question 40

Myometrial contraction failure can lead to....

Answer 40

Primary uterine inertia

Question 41

Apart from primary and secondary uterine inertia, what is another cause of dystocia in the cow?

Answer 41

Abnormal birth canal

Question 42

What is the first step in assisting the cow with calving?

Answer 42

Assess the size of the calf relative to he birth canal

Question 43

Which direction should you pull the obstetrical chains?

Answer 43

Downwards

Question 44

What is the main source of P4?

Answer 44

CL

Question 45

The maternal recognition hormone is....

Answer 45

IFN-tau

Question 46

What are the 2 placental hormones?

Answer 46

1. Lactogen | 2. P4