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Theriogenology > Bovine Pregnancy and Parturition > Flashcards

Bovine Pregnancy and Parturition Flashcards

1
Q

The CL of ruminants produces what hormone?

A

Oxytocin

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2
Q

Oxytocin stimulates e_______ cells to produce P____

A

Oxytocin stimulates endometrial cells to produce PGF2a

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3
Q

P4 inhibits the release of what hormone?

A

Oxytocin

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4
Q

What occurs after pulsatile PGF2a?

A

Luteolysis

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5
Q

How many days post ovulation does maternal recognition of pregnancy occur in the cow?

A

15 - 17 days

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6
Q

What hormone is secreted by the embryo that acts on endometrial cells to inhibit oxytocin release?

A

IFN-tau

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7
Q

P4 exerts a negative feedback on what type of neuron?

A

GnRH

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8
Q

Cows have what type of placenta?

A

Cotyledonary

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9
Q

One of the positive signs of pregnancy in the cow is a fetal membrane slip. After how many days does this occur?

A

30-70 days

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10
Q

When does the amniotic vesicle form?

A

Day 28 - 65

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11
Q

After how many months does the placentome form?

A

3 months

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12
Q

After how many days can the fetus be detected via ballottement or palpation?

A

> 65 days

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13
Q

F__ ___ ___, a____ _____, p_____ and f___ are the four positive signs of pregnancy

A

Fetal membrane slip, amniotic vesicles, placentomes and fetus are the four positive signs of pregnancy

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14
Q

At what stage of gestation is the fetus the size of a mouse?

A

2 months

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15
Q

At 6 months into gestation, what does the fetus resemble?

A

beagle dog

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16
Q

After how many days is a transrectal ultrasound accurate in pregnancy diagnosis?

A

> 30days

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17
Q

After how many days can the gender of the fetus be determined by transrectal ultrasound?

A

60-80 days

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18
Q

Name the 2 pregnancy hormones in maternal blood.

A
  1. Progesterone

2. Oestrogens

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19
Q

Milk ______ is a chemical indicator of pregnancy in cows

A

Milk progesterone is a chemical indicator of pregnancy in cows

20
Q

What does high milk progesterone indicate?

A

Presence of CL

21
Q

After >100 days of gestation, this product of the placenta can be detected to confirm a pregnancy diagnosis

A

Blood estrone sulphate

22
Q

What protein accurately detects pregnant cows 34 days post insemination?

A

Bovine Pregnancy Specific Protein B

23
Q

Symmetric uterus is a supportive sign of pregnancy. True or False?

A

False - asymmetrical uterus is a sign of pregnancy

24
Q

What is the fremitus?

A

Middle uterine artery

25
Q

What triggers the onset of parturition?

A

Fetus

26
Q

What does the fetal pituitary secrete in response to space limitation and onset of parturition?

A

ACTH

27
Q

What hormone is released from the fetal adrenal cortex in response to ACTH secretion from the fetal pituitary?

A

Cortisol

28
Q

What does the fetus do in the first stage of parturition?

A

Rotates

29
Q

The chorioallantois ruptures in the first stage of parturition - True or False?

A

True

30
Q

During the 1st stage of parturition, what does the cervix do?

A

Dilates

31
Q

The Ferguson’s reflex occurs in what stage of parturition?

A

2nd

32
Q

Foetal expulsion occurs in which stage of parturition?

A

2nd

33
Q

What occurs in the 3rd and final stage of parturition?

A

Expulsion of fetal membranes

34
Q

Name the 2 drugs that can be administered to induce parturition in the cow.

A
  1. Dexamethasone

2. Prostaglandins

35
Q

Administering prostaglandin induces calving within how many hours?

A

48hrs

36
Q

Administering dexamethasone induces calving within how many hours?

A

70 hrs

37
Q

What is the risk associated with inducing parturition?

A

Retained fetal membranes/ placenta

38
Q

Primary uterine inertia is usually caused by the failure of what?

A

Myometrial contraction failure

39
Q

Myometrial exhaustion can lead to what?

A

Secondary uterine inertia

40
Q

Myometrial contraction failure can lead to….

A

Primary uterine inertia

41
Q

Apart from primary and secondary uterine inertia, what is another cause of dystocia in the cow?

A

Abnormal birth canal

42
Q

What is the first step in assisting the cow with calving?

A

Assess the size of the calf relative to he birth canal

43
Q

Which direction should you pull the obstetrical chains?

A

Downwards

44
Q

What is the main source of P4?

A

CL

45
Q

The maternal recognition hormone is….

A

IFN-tau

46
Q

What are the 2 placental hormones?

A
  1. Lactogen

2. P4

Theriogenology (12 decks)

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