Equine Pregnancy And Parturition Flashcards

(64 cards)

1
Q

How many hours after fertilization does the first MRP occur?

A

48hrs post fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

After how many days post ovulation does the embryo enter the uterus?

A

6 days post ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does MRP prevent the production of?

A

Prostaglandin by the endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

MRP involves the movement of _____ around the ______

A

MRP involves the movement of the embryo around the uterus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is secreted by the embryo during MRP?

A

Anti-luteolysins/luteotrophic substances by the embryo.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Conceptus mobility occurs between day ___ and ____

A

Conceptus mobility occurs between day 7 and 16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What hormone is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy (called the Pregnancy hormone)?

A

Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The inhibition of _____ secretion allows the P____ ____ to persist.

A

The inhibition of PGF2a secretion allows the Primary CL to persist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

After how many days have the primary and secondary CL disappeared entirely?

A

210 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

After what period of time does the primary and secondary CL begin to disappear?

A

160 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When does the fetoplacental unit begin to secrete progestins?

A

60-100 + days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the fetoplacental unit secrete?

A

progestins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Additional follicles on both ovaries leads to the formation of……?

A

Secondary follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

After how many days do additional follicles develop?

A

> 35-40 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

From day ____ until day _____ foetal enlargement occurs.

A

From day 80 until day 250 foetal enlargement occurs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the precursor for oestrogen produced?

A

Fetal gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Oestrogens are important for uterine ____, uterine ______ and _______

A

Oestrogens are important for uterine blood supply, uterine hypertrophy and parturition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When do endometrial cups form?

A

> day 35-120

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of cells invade the endometrium during the formation of endometrial cups?

A

Trophoblast cels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where do endometrial cups form?

A

Chorionic girdle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does eCG stand for?

A

Equine chorionic gonadotrophin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

eCG has ___ like activity.

A

eCG has LH like activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

eCG peaks at days __-__

A

eCG peaks at days 50-75

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does eCG assist the formation of?

A

supplementary CLs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the role of eCG during pregnancy?
Immunoregulation
26
When does the eCG slough?
Day 110-130
27
When does placentation begin?
Day 40
28
When is the placenta mature by?
Day 120-150
29
Ultrasound per rectum to diagnose pregnancy is done how many days post ovulation?
14-15 days post OV
30
During a pregnancy diagnosis via palpation per rectum , what is noted in a pregnant mare?
Bulge in the base of the pregnant horn
31
After how many days post OV is palpation per rectum done to determine pregnancy diagnosis for the mare?
>30 days
32
When conducting a pregnancy diagnostic ultrasound schedule, how many days post OV should the first exam be conducted?
14 days
33
What is done during the 14 day first exam on an ultrasound schedule?
Count CLs, look for twins, reduce twins.
34
After how many days is a second check done in an US schedule?
16 days
35
At 28 days post OV, what is checked on the ultrasound schedule?
Foetal heartbeat
36
When is the final check completed on an ultrasound schedule?
45-65 days
37
What is conducted on the final check on an US schedule?
Foetal sex
38
One method of pregnancy diagnosis is teasing the mare with a stallion. When should this be conducted?
16 - 20 days post ovulation
39
How many days post OV should a vaginal speculum be conducted to aid in pregnancy diagnosis in the mare?
18 - 21 days post OV
40
eCG hormone levels are measured between days __-___ post OV to provide a pregnancy diagnosis.
eCG hormone levels are measured between days 40-120 post OV to provide a pregnancy diagnosis.
41
Oestrone sulphate is measured how many days post OV?
>60 days post OV
42
Oestrone sulphate is measured from what body fluids?
Blood or urine
43
After day 14 - 15 post OV a palpation reveals what with the uterus and cervix?
Increased tone, long tightly closed cervix.
44
What does an US reveal day 14-15 post OV?
Vesicle
45
How many days post OV is the embryo considered a foetus?
Day 45 - 50
46
After how many days post OV is the foetal skeleton seen on an US?
Day 60-65
47
99% of foals are presented in which position?
Cranial
48
Name 3 parturition induction agents
1. Oxytocin 2. Prostaglandins 3. Glucocorticoids
49
What is the drug of choice for parturition induction?
Oxytocin
50
Name the 3 milk electrolytes that are measured to determine readiness for birth.
1. Calcium 2. Potassium 3. Sodium
51
Prior to parturition, milk electrolytes sodium _____ and potassium ____
Prior to parturition, milk electrolytes sodium decreases and potassium increases.
52
How many hours prior to parturition does 'waxing up' occur?
1-72 hours
53
What stage do uterine contractions occur during parturition?
Stage 1
54
_____ portion of foal rotates from a dorso___ to dorso__ to dorso____ position.
Cranial portion of foal rotates from a dorsopubic to dorsoilial to dorsosacral position
55
During what parturition stage does the chorioallantoic rupture occur?
Stage 1
56
Foal expulsion occurs in which stage?
Stage 2
57
How many minutes does stage 2 parturition take?
20-30mins
58
During stage 2 the cervix ____ and the fetus passes through the ___ ____
During stage 2 the cervix dilates and the fetus passes through the birth canal.
59
What hormone is released from the posterior pituitary gland during stage 2 parturition?
Oxytocin
60
How long does stage 3 in parturition take?
3-6 hours
61
What occurs during stage 3 parturition?
Expulsion of foetal membranes
62
How many days post partum does the uterus begin to reduce in size?
7 days
63
When does uterus histological repair post partum?
14 days
64
How many days after parturition does the mare begin to ovulate again?
13 days post partum