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Theriogenology > Equine Pregnancy And Parturition > Flashcards

Equine Pregnancy And Parturition Flashcards

1
Q

How many hours after fertilization does the first MRP occur?

A

48hrs post fertilization

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2
Q

After how many days post ovulation does the embryo enter the uterus?

A

6 days post ovulation

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3
Q

What does MRP prevent the production of?

A

Prostaglandin by the endometrium

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4
Q

MRP involves the movement of _____ around the ______

A

MRP involves the movement of the embryo around the uterus.

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5
Q

What is secreted by the embryo during MRP?

A

Anti-luteolysins/luteotrophic substances by the embryo.

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6
Q

Conceptus mobility occurs between day ___ and ____

A

Conceptus mobility occurs between day 7 and 16

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7
Q

What hormone is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy (called the Pregnancy hormone)?

A

Progesterone

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8
Q

The inhibition of _____ secretion allows the P____ ____ to persist.

A

The inhibition of PGF2a secretion allows the Primary CL to persist.

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9
Q

After how many days have the primary and secondary CL disappeared entirely?

A

210 days

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10
Q

After what period of time does the primary and secondary CL begin to disappear?

A

160 days

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11
Q

When does the fetoplacental unit begin to secrete progestins?

A

60-100 + days

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12
Q

What does the fetoplacental unit secrete?

A

progestins

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13
Q

Additional follicles on both ovaries leads to the formation of……?

A

Secondary follicle

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14
Q

After how many days do additional follicles develop?

A

> 35-40 days

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15
Q

From day ____ until day _____ foetal enlargement occurs.

A

From day 80 until day 250 foetal enlargement occurs.

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16
Q

Where is the precursor for oestrogen produced?

A

Fetal gonads

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17
Q

Oestrogens are important for uterine ____, uterine ______ and _______

A

Oestrogens are important for uterine blood supply, uterine hypertrophy and parturition.

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18
Q

When do endometrial cups form?

A

> day 35-120

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19
Q

What type of cells invade the endometrium during the formation of endometrial cups?

A

Trophoblast cels

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20
Q

Where do endometrial cups form?

A

Chorionic girdle

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21
Q

What does eCG stand for?

A

Equine chorionic gonadotrophin

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22
Q

eCG has ___ like activity.

A

eCG has LH like activity

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23
Q

eCG peaks at days __-__

A

eCG peaks at days 50-75

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24
Q

What does eCG assist the formation of?

A

supplementary CLs

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25
Q

What is the role of eCG during pregnancy?

A

Immunoregulation

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26
Q

When does the eCG slough?

A

Day 110-130

27
Q

When does placentation begin?

A

Day 40

28
Q

When is the placenta mature by?

A

Day 120-150

29
Q

Ultrasound per rectum to diagnose pregnancy is done how many days post ovulation?

A

14-15 days post OV

30
Q

During a pregnancy diagnosis via palpation per rectum , what is noted in a pregnant mare?

A

Bulge in the base of the pregnant horn

31
Q

After how many days post OV is palpation per rectum done to determine pregnancy diagnosis for the mare?

A

> 30 days

32
Q

When conducting a pregnancy diagnostic ultrasound schedule, how many days post OV should the first exam be conducted?

A

14 days

33
Q

What is done during the 14 day first exam on an ultrasound schedule?

A

Count CLs, look for twins, reduce twins.

34
Q

After how many days is a second check done in an US schedule?

A

16 days

35
Q

At 28 days post OV, what is checked on the ultrasound schedule?

A

Foetal heartbeat

36
Q

When is the final check completed on an ultrasound schedule?

A

45-65 days

37
Q

What is conducted on the final check on an US schedule?

A

Foetal sex

38
Q

One method of pregnancy diagnosis is teasing the mare with a stallion. When should this be conducted?

A

16 - 20 days post ovulation

39
Q

How many days post OV should a vaginal speculum be conducted to aid in pregnancy diagnosis in the mare?

A

18 - 21 days post OV

40
Q

eCG hormone levels are measured between days __-___ post OV to provide a pregnancy diagnosis.

A

eCG hormone levels are measured between days 40-120 post OV to provide a pregnancy diagnosis.

41
Q

Oestrone sulphate is measured how many days post OV?

A

> 60 days post OV

42
Q

Oestrone sulphate is measured from what body fluids?

A

Blood or urine

43
Q

After day 14 - 15 post OV a palpation reveals what with the uterus and cervix?

A

Increased tone, long tightly closed cervix.

44
Q

What does an US reveal day 14-15 post OV?

A

Vesicle

45
Q

How many days post OV is the embryo considered a foetus?

A

Day 45 - 50

46
Q

After how many days post OV is the foetal skeleton seen on an US?

A

Day 60-65

47
Q

99% of foals are presented in which position?

A

Cranial

48
Q

Name 3 parturition induction agents

A
  1. Oxytocin
  2. Prostaglandins
  3. Glucocorticoids
49
Q

What is the drug of choice for parturition induction?

A

Oxytocin

50
Q

Name the 3 milk electrolytes that are measured to determine readiness for birth.

A
  1. Calcium
  2. Potassium
  3. Sodium
51
Q

Prior to parturition, milk electrolytes sodium _____ and potassium ____

A

Prior to parturition, milk electrolytes sodium decreases and potassium increases.

52
Q

How many hours prior to parturition does ‘waxing up’ occur?

A

1-72 hours

53
Q

What stage do uterine contractions occur during parturition?

A

Stage 1

54
Q

_____ portion of foal rotates from a dorso___ to dorso__ to dorso____ position.

A

Cranial portion of foal rotates from a dorsopubic to dorsoilial to dorsosacral position

55
Q

During what parturition stage does the chorioallantoic rupture occur?

A

Stage 1

56
Q

Foal expulsion occurs in which stage?

A

Stage 2

57
Q

How many minutes does stage 2 parturition take?

A

20-30mins

58
Q

During stage 2 the cervix ____ and the fetus passes through the ___ ____

A

During stage 2 the cervix dilates and the fetus passes through the birth canal.

59
Q

What hormone is released from the posterior pituitary gland during stage 2 parturition?

A

Oxytocin

60
Q

How long does stage 3 in parturition take?

A

3-6 hours

61
Q

What occurs during stage 3 parturition?

A

Expulsion of foetal membranes

62
Q

How many days post partum does the uterus begin to reduce in size?

A

7 days

63
Q

When does uterus histological repair post partum?

A

14 days

64
Q

How many days after parturition does the mare begin to ovulate again?

A

13 days post partum

Theriogenology (12 decks)

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