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Theriogenology > Bovine Reproductive Failures > Flashcards

Bovine Reproductive Failures Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 4 causes of failure of fertilisation

A
  1. Poor ova quality
  2. Poor sperm quality
  3. Timing of insemination
  4. Insemination technique
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2
Q

What insemination factors can cause a failure of fertilisation?

A
  1. Insemination technique

2. Timing of insemination

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3
Q

Ovulation delay/failure can cause what?

A

Fertilisation failure

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4
Q

What 3 factors affect sperm quality??

A
  1. Heat stress
  2. Semen handling
  3. Semen preservation technique
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5
Q

Poor endocrine environment adversely affects _____ development and _____ quality.

A

Poor endocrine environment environment adversely affects follicle development and oocyte quality.

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6
Q

Impaired luteal function affects what 3 aspects of fertility?

A
  1. Early embryonic development
  2. Maternal recognition of pregnancy
  3. Implantation
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7
Q

Impaired function of the endometrium affects what 3 aspects of fertility?

A
  1. Early embryonic development
  2. Maternal recognition of pregnancy
  3. Implantation
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8
Q

Name 3 causes of freemartinism.

A
  1. Heterosexual twin
  2. Fusion of chorioallantois
  3. Chimeras
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9
Q

What is the best diagnostic method to determine subclinical endometritis in the cow?

A

Uterine cytology

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10
Q

What is the vaginal discharge score for clinical endometritis?

A

4-5

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11
Q

What is the vaginal discharge score for subclinical endometritis?

A

2 - 3

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12
Q

Puerperal metritis is an a____ s_____ b_____ disease

A

Puerperal metritis is an acute systemic bacterial disease

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13
Q

What is metritis treated with?

A

Parenteral antimicrobial (oxytet, penicillin)

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14
Q

What is endometritis treated with?

A 
PGF (luteolysis)
Uterine antimicrobials (cephapirin)
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15
Q

What method of diagnosis is best used for bacterial abortions?

A

Bacterial isolation

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16
Q

Is Brucellosis zoonotic?

A

Yes

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17
Q

Is Brucellosis found in Australia?

A

No

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18
Q

How is Brucella abortus transmitted?

A

Ingestion/inhalation of contaminated material

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19
Q

Name 3 signs of Brucellosis

A
  1. Metritis
  2. RFM
  3. Abortion
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20
Q

Brucellosis causes abortion > 5 month. True/False?

A

True

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21
Q

How is Campylobacter fetus transmitted?

A

Venereal transmission

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22
Q

Bulls are the main source of Campylobacter fetus. True/False?

A

True

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23
Q

Repeat breeders is a sign of what?

A

Campylobacter fetus spp

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24
Q

An irregular and delayed return to oestrus and longer calving season is a sign of…….

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A

Campylobacter fetus spp infection

25
Where does Leptospirosis persist in the animal?
Renal and genital tracts
26
What is the hallmark sign of a Leptospirosis infection?
abortion storms
27
How is Leptospirosis transmitted (2 ways)?
Urine | Venereal
28
Spoiled silage can lead the transmission of what bacteria?
Listeria monocytogenes
29
'Droopy cow' describes when half an animal's face appears to droop. What type of bacteria causes this?
Listeria monocytogenes
30
An autolysed fetus is a sign of what bacterial infection?
Listeria/listeriosis
31
What time of year is the incidence of mycotic abortions the highest?
Winter
32
What is the main causative agent of mycotic abortions?
Aspergillus fumigatus
33
What causes necrotizing placentitis with a leathery appearance?
Mycotic abortions
34
Fetal skin lesions are associated with.....
Mycotic abortions
35
Is Bovine Herpes Virus (BHV 1-5) a latent infection?
Yes- latent
36
What are the 2 routes of transmission for BHV?
1. Venereal | 2. Direct contact (aborted fetus)
37
Sporadic abortions can occur with BHV due to previous exposure or vaccination. True/False?
True
38
Do abortion storms due to BHV occur in the non-vaccinated herd population or vaccinated/previously exposed herd population?
Non-vaccinated/non exposed herd population
39
Where in the animal does BHV reside?
Placenta
40
What is another name for Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV)?
Pestivirus
41
BVDV persistent infected calves do not usually show any signs of disease, however they are still infected and do what?
Shed large amounts of virus
42
A transplacental infection usually results in the calf being....
PI animal (persistently infected animal)
43
The acute form of BVDV causes what?
Immune suppression
44
BVDV infection results in what % reduction in pregnancy rates?
50% reduction
45
How does a BVDV infection affect follicle size?
Smaller preovulatory and ovulatory dominant follicles
46
How does BVDV affect E2 production?
Lower E2 production | Delayed E2 peak
47
How does BVDV affect LH peaks?
Reduced LH peaks | Impaired luteinization
48
How is Akabane virus transmitted?
Biting midges
49
What happens if an animal is infected with Akabane virus at a young age?
Long lasting immunity develops
50
What are the consequences if infection of Akabane virus occurs during pregnancy?
Fetal abnormalities
51
If infected with Akabane virus >180 days, what is the incidence of abnormal calves?
Low 5-10%
52
If infected with Akabane virus 80-150 days, what is the incidence of abnormal calves?
40%
53
Name 2 protozoal causes of infertility and abortion in the cow.
1. Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas fetus) | 2. Neosporosis (Neospora caninum)
54
What are the definitive hosts of Neospora caninum?
Dogs/canids
55
Neospora caninum an intracellular host. True/false
True
56
How is Trichomonas foetus transmitted?
Coitus
57
Which protozoa causes mummified/autolysed fetus?
Neospora caninum
58
Which protozoa is associated with repeat breeders?
Trichomonas foetus

Theriogenology (12 decks)

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