british history 6th june Flashcards
(23 cards)
how did tony blair manage relationships in GFA? (2)
good relationship with the taosieach bertin ahern to keep support of republicans
and good relationship with trimble saying sinn fein could be trusted
percentage outcomes of GFA
northern ireland 71% yes
ireland 94%
brown’s initial economic aims 4
- keep inflation low
- keep government spending controlled
- prove middle-england that labour was pro-business and could be trust with the economy
- let labour escape the old ‘tax-and-spend’ party
how did labour avoid raising taxes in their public service spending spree 1 1997-2007
what criticism did they receive and why 1
- like conservatives, used private funding sources to improve public services
- criticism from using the PFI for new projects as buildings were completed quickly but debts were stored up for the future
3 negative outcomes of pension changes under blair
- led to value of pensions falling, £8 billion lost
- elderly people angry
- savings ration fell 9.7% to 3.7% 1997-2007
positives of employment under new labour 3
- did grow 2.5 million
- 1/4 of workers now in the public sector
- britain had become a client state, 1/4 paid for by public funds
issues with gold under labour 3
- brown sold of half of gold reserves to diversify reserves, but poor timing
- china had bought £7 mil, then prices recovered doubling their gold and britain lost £13billion
- by 2006 china was selling more than buying from britain
- european competitors took advantage and in 2005 britains exports to china were only worth £5 billion but germany’s £31 billion
- britain embarked on campaign to increase exports as losing trade with 1.4 billion
3 basic points of changes for youth undue Blair
Blair himself
Connexions
Social exclusion units
5 examples of increasing multiculturalism
Cabinet minister 2002 chief of treasury
Local celebrations in schools and towns
Olympics, chosen from multiculturalism
mosques and churches normalised and increased
Notting Hill carnival attendees to 1 million
how did thatcher become more negative in her view towards Europe 3
- Thatcher wanted a single market, reflecting her economic philosophy
- later expressed ambivalence towards the SEA as it seemed like federalism
- speech in bruges 1988, setting out her vision of europes future + opposition to federalism
4 basic points why major won the 1992 election
- ‘soap box’ speeches, campaign, best able to rescue the economy, despite causing it
- thatcher had gone; fresh start
- major opposed PR; confidence to win alone
- party election broadcasts (PEB) 2
basic points why labour lost the 1992 election 5
- didn’t feel labour reformed enough; memories of 1980s too strong
- campaign on proportional representation
- ‘double whammy’ and ‘tax bombshell’
- sheffield rally and the media
- PEBs
describe the conservative divisions under major 6
worsened.
- right-wingers pushed for more radical social policies
- some politicians with leadership ambitions saw as an opportunity to advance their claims eg michael portillo & john redwood
- eurosceptics saw as chance to push britain to edges of europe, if not out of the EU (thatcher encouraged)
- the scandals and sleaze drowned out any achievements
- press was hostile called to replace major and ‘save the party’
- 1995 called for leadership election to re-elect his own job ‘back me or sack me’ as so insecure
4 basic points of society in 1990s
social liberalism
anti-establishment culture
women
race relations
basic points on the extent of social liberalism 5 (3prog, 2 not)
- AIDS outbreak
- homosexuality
- family diversity, born out of wedlock, single parents
- mary whitehouse, videos
- conservative scandals/behaviour standards
how did attitudes towards homosexuality NOT improved 4
- negativity of AIDS and the ‘gay plague’
- ‘loony left’ councils accused of promoting homosexual lifestyles by funding support groups
- tabloid outcry 1986 over a book ‘jenny lives with eric and martin’ being in school libraries - led to section 28 1988 (banning promotion of homosexuality by local authorities, many saw as schools being banned from discussing homosexuality)
- consensual equality to 16 and armed force allowance not allowed until 2000
how did the press, trade unions and local governments hinder labour’s political stance 1979-1983
press universally hostile
trade unions were no longer a source of strength
local govs lost touch
name one thing kinnock did to reverse left militancy
executed u-turns on nationalisation, nuclear issues and europe
Anglo-Irish agreement
- what was it?
- example of reaction
wanted northern ireland recognised as part of britain + would accept full civil rights for all in ireland
unionists + republicans opposed eg 200,000 at rally in belfast led by paisley
positive of the unemployment crises coming out of the economy under thatcher
and a negative of economic realignment
youth employment schemes, loan guarantee, ent alliance.
inner city riots, urban decay, ns divide
what did enoch powell say in response to the special relationship under thatcher
he feared britain was becoming a satellite state of the USA
CND activity in 1970s
protests against effects of radio active nuclear waste
