building blocks of life

Question 1

six important life processes

Answer 1

metabolism, responsiveness, growth, differentiation, reproduction

Question 2

metabolism

Answer 2

the sum of all chemical processes in the body anabolic and catabolic

Question 3

anabolic reaction involved in the building of large complex organic molecules using ______

Answer 3

ATP

Question 4

catabolic reactions opposite on anabolic, break down of large _____ _____ into simpler organic molecules liberating heat energy

Answer 4

organic molecules

Question 5

responsiveness

Answer 5

the ability to detect and respond to internal and external stimuli

Question 6

nerve cells respond to stimulus by generating a ___ ____

Answer 6

nerve impulse

Question 7

muscle cells respond by ______

Answer 7

contracting

Question 8

growth individual growth of a cell through increased synthesis of ____ ____ ______

Answer 8

cytoplasm organelles hyper trophy

Question 9

differentiation a processes where a cell changes from a _____ to a _____ with specific function

Answer 9

unspecialized specialized

Question 10

The fertilized egg starts as a single undifferentiated cell and through cell division and differentiation produces a multicellular ______

Answer 10

blastocyst

Question 11

outer cells which eventually form epidermis of skin and nervous tissue

Answer 11

ectoderm

Question 12

middle cells which eventually form muscle, connective tissue

Answer 12

mesoderm

Question 13

inner cells which eventually form lining of digestive tract

Answer 13

endoderm

Question 14

refers to the production of a new individual via sperm and eggs

Answer 14

Reproduction

Question 15

Homeostasis means _____ _____

Answer 15

same / standing still

Question 16

A ___ ____ is a cycle of events which involve continuously monitoring a ____ _____of the body and reporting back to a central control region

Answer 16

feedback system, controlled condition

Question 17

If homeostasis is disrupted by stress, the stress is called the _______

Answer 17

stimulus

Question 18

______ is any stimulus which disturbs homeostasis by creating an imbalance in the internal environment

Answer 18

Stress

Question 19

______ monitors the changes in the controlled condition due to a stimulus and sends or inputs this information to the control center

Answer 19

Receptor

Question 20

usually the _____ _____
determines the point at which the controlled condition such as heart rate, body temperature, should be maintained

Answer 20

Control Center

Question 21

_____receives the information or output from the control center and produces a response which alters the controlled condition hopefully returning to homeostasis

Answer 21

Effector

Question 22

3 basic components of a feedback system

Answer 22

receptor, control center, effector

Question 23

If the response reverses the original stimulus the feedback system is described as a

Answer 23

negative feedback system

Question 24

If the response enhances the original stimulus the feedback system is described as a

Answer 24

positive feedback system

Question 25

2 examples of a positive feedback system

Answer 25

blood clotting, labour

Question 26

an abnormality of function

Answer 26

Disorder

Question 27

is an illness characterized by specific signs and symptoms

Answer 27

Disease

Question 28

subjective changes in body function that are not observable

Answer 28

symptoms

Question 29

changes that can be observed and measured

Answer 29

signs

Question 30

____ ____ defined as dilute, watery solutions containing dissolved chemicals inside or outside of the cell

Answer 30

body fluids

Question 31

fluid in which substances dissolve is water

Answer 31

solvent

Question 32

dissolved in the water include gases, nutrients and ions (Na+ and Cl-)

Answer 32

solutes

Question 33

ECF between cells but inside tissues

Answer 33

Interstitial Fluid

Question 34

_____ is the extracellular fluid of blood

Answer 34

plasma

Question 35

_____ _____ found in the spaces between all cells of the body

Answer 35

interstitial fluid

Question 36

_____ contains interstitial fluid that needs to be returned to blood, as well as lipids and immune cells

Answer 36

lymph

Question 37

other extracellular fluids (4)

Answer 37

cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, serous fluid, humours of the eyes

Question 38

list CHON

Answer 38

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 39

__________ hold together atoms forming a stable molecule or compound

Answer 39

chemical bonds

Question 40

sodium _____ an electron and chlorine _____one

Answer 40

loses, gains

Question 41

what two atoms make up an ionic bond?

Answer 41

NaCl

Question 42

_________ 2 or more atoms share electrons rather than gaining or losing them i.e. glucose, water, carbon dioxide

Answer 42

Covalent Bonds

Question 43

_________ dissociate into hydrogen ions (H+, also known as protons) and anions in water

Answer 43

acids

Question 44

_______ dissociate into hydroxide ions (OH-) and cations in water

Answer 44

bases

Question 45

______ convert strong acids or bases into weaker acids or bases in order to bring the pH back to near neutral

Answer 45

buffers

Question 46

the pH of blood plasma *

Answer 46

7.35-7.45

Question 47

____ are shared in pairs in a covalent bond

Answer 47

electrons

Question 48

polar bonds are hydrophobic or hydro phillic

Answer 48

hydrophilic

Question 49

non polar bonds hydrophobic or hydrophilic

Answer 49

hydrophobic

Question 50

_________ one of the most important inorganic compounds of living organisms is

Answer 50

water

Question 51

water makes up what percentage of the human body

Answer 51

55-60%

Question 52

water is polar or non polar

Answer 52

polar

Question 53

polar substances attracted to water molecules are ________

Answer 53

hydrophilic

Question 54

_____ molecules lack charged components and they will not dissolve in water

Answer 54

non polar

Question 55

non-polar substances are hydrophobic or philic

Answer 55

hydrophobic

Question 56

hydrophobic action of non-polar substances is the biochemical compounds that make up cell membranes of all living things which are called ___________

Answer 56

phospholipids

Question 57

Water exhibits ______ which is the tendency of molecules to stick together

Answer 57

cohesion

Question 58

water molecules link together resulting in a high _____

Answer 58

surface tension

Question 59

Water is a ______ which allows structures to slide past each other without creating friction

Answer 59

lubricant

Question 60

Most organic molecules are large macromolecules or _____

Answer 60

polymers

Question 61

Reactions that involve the breakdown of macromolecules into their monomers are called _______________

Answer 61

catabolic reactions

Question 62

Reactions that involve the building of macromolecules from monomers are called _____________

Answer 62

anabolic reactions

Question 63

_________ is the sum of all of the anabolic and catabolic biochemical reactions in the body

Answer 63

Metabolism

Question 64

polymers are built by joining together monomers in a process called __________

Answer 64

dehydration synthesis

Question 65

polymers are broken down into their subunits in a process called ______

Answer 65

hydrolysis

Question 66

plants remove water in a reaction called _________

Answer 66

dehydration synthesis

Question 67

____________ involves the breakdown of the glucose to release the stored energy, producing ATP

Answer 67

cellular respiration

Question 68

name 3 monosaccharides *

Answer 68

fructose, galactose, glucose

Question 69

Sugars not used for fuel or synthesis of other organic molecules are stored in the form of _______

Answer 69

disaccharides

Question 70

3 disaccharides *

Answer 70

lactose, sucrose, maltose

Question 71

Large carbohydrate polymers are called ________

Answer 71

polysaccharides

Question 72

polysaccharides are formed through the process of dehydration synthesis and are storage forms of polysaccharides include _____ , ________, _______ *

Answer 72

cellulous, starch, glycogen