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AP100 > histology pt 1 quiz 1 > Flashcards

histology pt 1 quiz 1 Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

____ a group of similar cells that function together

A

tissue: a group of similar cells that function together

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2
Q

______ is the study of tissues

A

histology: the study of tissues

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3
Q

list the 4 types of tissues

A

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue

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4
Q

_________ are the embryonic tissues from which all tissues and organs of the body develop

A

Primary germ layers are the embryonic tissues from which all tissues and organs of the body develop

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5
Q

the fertilized egg or _______undergoes multiple rounds of mitosis

A

the fertilized egg or zygote undergoes multiple rounds of mitosis

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6
Q

zygote undergoes multiple rounds of mitosis
this forms a multicellular _______

A

blastocyst

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7
Q

_______- outer germ layer

A

ectoderm - outer germ layer

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8
Q

_______ middle germ layer

A

mesoderm - middle germ layer

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9
Q

_______ - inner germ layer

A

endoderm - inner germ layer

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10
Q

name the 5 types of cell junctions

A

tight junctions, adherens junctions, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, gap junction

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11
Q

adherens junctions
composed of _____, a dense layer of proteins inside the plasma membrane attached to microfilaments

A

plaque

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12
Q

_____ form seals between cells to prevent leakage of fluid between them

A

tight junctions

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13
Q

_____ composed of plaque, a dense layer of proteins inside the plasma membrane attached to microfilaments

A

adherens junctions

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14
Q

______ composed of plaque and transmembrane proteins linking adjacent cells

A

desmosomes

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15
Q

______ connects a cell to extracellular material such as basement membranes

A

hemidesmosomes

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16
Q

_________ communicating junctions that permit electrical or chemical signals to pass from cell to cell

A

gap junctions

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17
Q

in gap junctions transmembrane proteins called ______ form fluid-filled channels

A

connexons

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18
Q

name the two major types of tissues

A

covering and lining, glandular

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19
Q

firmly adheres to underlying connective tissue called
the________

A

firmly adheres to underlying connective tissue called
the basement membrane

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20
Q

how many days to replace all skin cells

A

28 days

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21
Q

____ are flattened, scale-like cells

A

squamous

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22
Q

____ are cube shaped

A

cuboidal

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23
Q

_____ are tall and cylindrical; rectangular

A

columnar

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24
Q

____ cells are able to change shape and stretch

A

transitional

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25
the lining of blood vessels and the heart is called ______
endothelium
26
forms part of serous membranes, _______, where it secretes serous fluid
mesothelium
27
cell staining compounds ***
hematoxylin (purple), eosin (pink)
28
3 types of epithelial tissues
simple, stratified, pseudostratified
29
Non-Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium may contain _______(increase surface area for absorption) and ______ which secrete mucus for lubrication and protection
microvilli, goblet cells
30
Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium are found primarily in ____ and ____
respiratory tract, fallopian tubes
31
Non-Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium are found in ______ and _____
gastrointestinal tract, ducts of glands
32
stratified squamous epithelium found in what 3 things
mouth, vagina, outer layer of the skin
33
transitional epithelium is found in the _____-
bladder
34
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium form the _____
trachea
35
****pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial found in _____
found in upper respiratory tract, fallopian tubes
36
pseudostratified nonciliated columnar epithelial lines ____
larger ducts and glands
37
a______ is a highly specialized epithelial cell or group of cells that secretes substances into duct or surface, or into the blood
a gland is a highly specialized epithelial cell or group of cells that secretes substances into duct or surface, or into the blood
38
_________ secrete substance into _____ then (usually) into the blood
endocrine glands, into the extracellular fluid and
39
are endocrine glands ductless
yes
40
endocrine glands secretions are ____
hormones
41
_________: secrete substance into a duct or ________
exocrine glands, onto the free surface
42
exocrine glands; secretions usually reach free surface via tube like _____
ducts
43
____________ are single celled glands such as goblet cells that secrete mucus
unicellular glands single celled glands such as goblet cells that secrete mucus
44
________ consists of many specialized cells most exocrine glands are multicellular
multicellular glands gland consists of many specialized cells most exocrine glands are multicellular
45
exocrine secret to a _____ or the surface
duct
46
A _____ is a unicellular gland
goblet
47
3 functional classifications of exocrine glands
merocrine, apocrine, holocrine
48
skin oil is also referred to as ______
sebum
49
_____ is an autoimmune disease of exocrine glands
Sjogren’s Syndrome
50
general characteristics of connective tissue
consists of cells, ground substance and fibers
51
what is the most abundant tissue in the body
connective tissue
52
immature cells are referred to as _____
blasts
53
immature cells become mature cells or _____once the matrix is produced
cytes
54
_____ secrete the molecules that form the matrix (fibers and ground substance)
fibroblasts
55
macrophages is also called
white blood cells
56
macrophages develop from ______
monocytes
57
_____ (alveolar macrophages of lungs; fixed macrophages in spleen) and _____macrophages in the dermis of the skin
fixed, wandering
58
6 types of cells of connective tissue
fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma cells, mast cells, adipocytes, neutrophils
59
___ develop from B lymphocytes and leave bone marrow and reside in connective tissue
plasma cells
60
_____ found along blood vessels in connective tissue, involved in the inflammatory response
mast cells
61
____ fat cells which store triglycerides
adipocytes
62
____ migrate to connective tissue to combat pathogens
neutrophils
63
____ produce antibodies
plasma cells
64
_______is the part of connective tissue between the fibers and cells
ground substance
65
_____ holds water within the tissues
ground substance
66
ground substance is protein and sugar and its purpose is to _______
hold water
67
collagen fibers are found in most connective tissues but predominate in these 5 things
skin, bone, cartilage, tendons and ligaments
68
______ provide strength and support for tissues
fibers
69
collagen fibers often are arranged in bundles ______
(type I collagen)
70
what is the most common type of collagen
type 1
71
elastic fibers are found in abundance in these 5 things
skin, blood vessel walls, bladder wall and lung tissue
72
_______ a genetic disorder of faulty elastic fiber
Marfan’s Syndrome
73
reticular fibers consist of single collagen molecule type ______
4
74
reticular fibers form the ______(framework) of many soft organs – lymph nodes, spleen, liver
stroma
75
_______ loosely woven fibers with many cells
Loose Connective Tissue
76
3 types of loose connective tissue
areolar connective tissue, adipose tissue, reticular connective tissue
77
2 types of adipose tissue
white fat, brown fat
78
______ functions in protection, insulation and energy storage
white fat
79
________ has a rich blood supply and numerous mitochondria important for high rates of aerobic cellular respiration and heat production
brown fat
80
______collagen fibers that are regularly arranged in bundles
dense regular connective tissue
81
____ contains collagen fibers that have no regular arrangement
dense irregular connective tissue
82
_______ contains mostly freely branching elastic fibers
elastic connective tissue
83
_____ are mature cartilage cells usually found within lacunae in the matrix
chondrocytes
84
a _____(little lake) is a space in which the cell sits
lacuna
85
ground substance and fibers make up the ________
extracellular matrix
86
Surface of cartilage is covered by dense irregular connective tissue called the ________
perichondrium
87
cartilage itself has no blood supply_____ and ______
(avascular), no nerve supply
88
______ most abundant, contains fine (delicate) collagen fibers
hyaline cartilage
89
3 types of cartilage
elastic, fibrocartilage, hyaline
90
_________also an autoimmune, inflammatory disease, but of connective tissue
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE or Lupus)
91
bones are composed of several tissues including ____ or bone tissue
osseous
92
bone is classified as _____ (dense) or ____(cancellous)
compact, spongy
93
compact bone is surrounded by the _____, which is rich in nerves and blood vessels
periosteum
94
The basic unit of compact bone is the ______ or _____
Haversian system, osteon
95
Spongy bone is arranged in _____
trabeculae
96
Blood has a liquid matrix called ______
plasma
97
_____ (cells and cell fragments) are suspended in the plasma
formed elements
98
3 types of blood cells
erythrocytes leukocytes thrombocytes
99
multiple choice fill in the blank name the four types of tissue and a function of each
epithelial, muscle, nervous, one more
100
match four types of epithelium to where there located simple squamous(first page of notes package) , ect. Tuesday quiz on pages 1-6 up to sjogren , quiz oct 24th pages 6-11 up to lupis
101
elastic fibers are mainly found in what 4 things?
skin, blood vessel walls, bladder wall, lung tissue
102
fixed macrophages are found in the ____ while wondering are found in _____
lungs, dermis of the skin

AP100 (15 decks)

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