Quiz Tuesday note pages 1-6

Question 1

A substance that cannot be split into simpler substances by normal means

Answer 1

element

Question 2

3 subatomic particles

Answer 2

proton, neutron, electron

Question 3

are substances composed of more than one atom

Answer 3

molecules

Question 4

inorganic molecules include

Answer 4

water, oxygen gas, carbon dioxide gas

Question 5

_____ ____ are the building blocks of living things

Answer 5

organic molecules

Question 6

4 examples of organic molecules

Answer 6

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

Question 7

____ are the smallest level of organization considered alive

Answer 7

cells

Question 8

organisms composed of one cell are termed ______

Answer 8

unicellular

Question 9

humans are ______, with different cell types carrying out different functions

Answer 9

multicellular

Question 10

_____ consist of the fluid cytosol and the organelles

Answer 10

cytoplasm

Question 11

____ are specialized parts of cells that have particular function

Answer 11

organelles

Question 12

3 examples of organelles

Answer 12

nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria

Question 13

____ are layers of cells or groups of cells working together to serve a common
function

Answer 13

tissues

Question 14

a layer of tightly joined cells covers a surface, lines a lumen or forms glands

Answer 14

Epithelium

Question 15

____ ____ binds other tissues together, forms tendons and ligaments, includes blood and bone

Answer 15

Connective Tissue

Question 16

___ ____ are tissue with fewer cells and a matrix of fibers and ground substance

Answer 16

Connective Tissue

Question 17

___ ___ electrically excitable, contractile tissue

Answer 17

Muscle Tissue

Question 18

____ _____ of the biceps brachii moves a bone

Answer 18

skeletal muscle

Question 19

___ ___ electrically excitable tissue that conducts impulses

Answer 19

nervous tissue

Question 20

4 examples of nervous tissue

Answer 20

brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sense organs

Question 21

______ are groups of tissues working together to serve a common function

Answer 21

organs

Question 22

_______ is the sum of all chemical processes occurring in the body
it consists of anabolic and catabolic reactions

Answer 22

metabolism

Question 23

___ ___ involved in the building of large, complex, organic molecules using energy (ATP)

Answer 23

anabolic reactions

Question 24

simple amino acids combined to form complex proteins such as muscle protein is an example of ____ ____

Answer 24

anabolic reactions

Question 25

____ ____ are the breakdown of large, complex organic molecules into simpler organic molecules liberating heat or energy that can be used to build large molecules again

Answer 25

catabolic reactions

Question 26

breakdown of ingested food such as proteins broken down into amino acids is an example of a(n) ___ ___

Answer 26

catabolic reaction

Question 27

_____ is individual growth of a cell through increased synthesis of cytoplasm - hypertrophy

Answer 27

growth

Question 28

______ is increase in numbers of cells through cell divisions - hyperplasia

Answer 28

growth

Question 29

an example of growth in ____ of cells would be the increase in size of fat cells or adipocytes

Answer 29

size

Question 30

increased length of limb bones in children is a result of cell division / hair growth is an increase in the ____ of cells

Answer 30

number

Question 31

cell division of the fertilized egg lead to the multicellular fetus (along with differentiation) is a result of increase in the ____ of cells

Answer 31

number

Question 32

______ is a process whereby a cell changes from an unspecialized cell to a specialized cell with specific functions

Answer 32

differentiation

Question 33

all blood cells arise from (a)n undifferentiated ____ _____

Answer 33

stem cell

Question 34

the fertilized egg or ovum starts as a single undifferentiated cell and through cell division and differentiation produces a multicellular _____ with many different tissue types or _____ layers

Answer 34

blastocyst, germ

Question 35

_____ - outer cells which eventually form epidermis of skin and nervous tissue

Answer 35

ectoderm

Question 36

_______ middle cells which eventually form muscle, connective tissue

Answer 36

mesoderm

Question 37

_______ inner cells which eventually form lining of digestive tract

Answer 37

endoderm

Question 38

_______ refers to the production of a new individual via sperm and eggs * also refers to formation of new cells for growth repair or replacement

Answer 38

reproduction

Question 39

homeo / stasis means

Answer 39

same, standing still

Question 40

a ___ ____ is a cycle of events which involve continuously monitoring a controlled condition of the body and reporting back to a ___ ____ region

Answer 40

feedback system, central control

Question 41

if homeostasis is disrupted by stress, the stress is called the _____

Answer 41

stimulus

Question 42

_____ is any stimulus which disturbs homeostasis by creating an imbalance in the internal environment (disease)

Answer 42

stress

Question 43

if the response reverses the original stimulus the feedback system is described as a __________

Answer 43

negative feedback system

Question 44

if the response enhances the original stimulus the feedback system is described as a __________

Answer 44

positive feedback system

Question 45

_____ is an abnormality of function

Answer 45

disorder

Question 46

______ is an illness characterized by specific signs and symptoms

Answer 46

disease

Question 47

______ are subjective changes in body function that are not observable

Answer 47

symptoms

Question 48

______ are changes that can be observed and measured

Answer 48

signs

Question 49

_____ _____ are defined as dilute, watery solutions containing dissolved chemicals inside or outside of the cell

Answer 49

body fluids

Question 50

_____ fluid in which substances dissolve is water

Answer 50

solvent

Question 51

_____ dissolved in the water include gases, nutrients and ions

Answer 51

solutes

Question 52

or cytosol is the fluid found inside the cells and comprises 2/3 of the fluid volume in the body

Answer 52

intracellular fluid

Question 53

is the fluid surrounding the cells and it comprises 1/3 of the fluid volume in the body

Answer 53

extracellular fluid

Question 54

_____ is the extracellular fluid of blood

Answer 54

plasma

Question 55

___ ___ is found in the spaces between all cells of the body

Answer 55

interstitial fluid

Question 56

_____ contains interstitial fluid that needs to be returned to blood, as well as lipids and immune cells

Answer 56

lymph

Question 57

most of this fluid is returned to the veins, but some passes into the lymphatic vessels to become ____

Answer 57

lymph

Question 58

Medical term for butt crack

Answer 58

Intergluteal cleft