Building Blocks Of The Human Body

Question 1

Anatomy and physiology def

Answer 1

Fields of study that identify body structures and how they’re organized to work together in systems

Question 2

Anatomy def

Answer 2

Study of the organs and systems of the body

Question 3

Physiology def

Answer 3

Study of normal organ function and body systems

Question 4

Gross anatomy def

Answer 4

Study of body structures that can be seen with the naked eye

Question 5

Histology/microscopic anatomy def

Answer 5

The study of how tissues are structures and how they work; its a look at structures too small to be seen except through a microscope

Question 6

Pathology def

Answer 6

The science of the causes and effects of diseases

Question 7

Cells def

Answer 7

The basic units of living matter; composed of a protoplasm (a colorless gel-like substance containing water, salt,and nutrients)

Question 8

Structures of a cell

Answer 8

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Chromosomes

Question 9

Nucleus description

Answer 9

Control center of cell activities
Connected to cell reproduction and metabolism
Contains DNA for human body’s genetic coding

Question 10

DNA consists of how many chromosomes and carry what

Answer 10

46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
Carry genetic info to determine things from eye color to predisposition for certain diseases

Question 11

Cytoplasm description

Answer 11

Production part of cell; most of cell activities take place here
Organelles store food for growth, as well as repair and restore the cell

Question 12

Cell membrane description

Answer 12

Outer surface of cell
Double-layer, semi-permeable membrane
Maintains the shape of the cell

Question 13

Mitochondria description

Answer 13

Organelles in the cytoplasm that take in nutrients, break them down and create energy molecules for the cell

Question 14

ATP def

Answer 14

Adenosine triphosphate; energy molecules; role is to power all cellular activities

Question 15

Ribosomes def

Answer 15

Found in the cytoplasm, they’re the protein builders of the cell

Question 16

Chromosomes def

Answer 16

Thread-like structures inside the nucleus

Question 17

Mitosis description

Answer 17

Cells grow and divide
Two new cells are produced that are identical

Question 18

The process of cell growth and division is called

Answer 18

The cell cycle

Question 19

Cell structures that move toward opposite ends of the cell during mitosis to help the cell split are called

Answer 19

Centrioles

Question 20

Meiosis description

Answer 20

Cell division that doesn’t create cells identical to parent
One cell divides twice, creating four “daughter” cells with half the genetic information as the original
Produces male and female gametes - sperm and ovum

Question 21

Metabolism def

Answer 21

Chemical process in which cells receives nutrients for growth and reproduction

Question 22

Two phases of metabolism

Answer 22

Anabolism
Catabolism

Question 23

Anabolism def

Answer 23

Process of building up larger molecules form smaller ones
Body stores water, food, and oxygen for cell growth and repair

Question 24

Catabolism def

Answer 24

Process of breaking down larger molecules or substances into smaller ones
Cells release energy necessary for body functions

Question 25

4 primary types of tissues

Answer 25

Epithelial Nerve Connective Muscle

Question 26

Epithelial tissue def and example

Answer 26

Covers and protects body surface and organs Skin, glands, heart lines, mucous membrane, respiratory, and digestive organs

Question 27

Nerve tissue def and examples

Answer 27

Coordinates body functions Carries messages to and from the brain and spinal cord Neurons (cells) that make up nerves, brain, and spinal cord

Question 28

connective tissue def and examples

Answer 28

Supports, protects, and holds the body together; gives contour to the body; allows for flexibility; collagen, elastin fibers, blood, lymph, and interstitial fluid are found Bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, adipose (fat) tissue, and fascia (tissue that separates muscles)

Question 29

Muscle tissue def and examples

Answer 29

Contracts when stimulated to produce motion Skeletal, smooth, or cardiac muscle

Question 30

Primary organs + descriptions (11)

Answer 30

Skin - forms the external protective layer of the body Bones - contain marrow + create red blood cells Cardiac muscle - allows the heart to pump blood throughout the body Veins and arteries - carry blood throughout the body Spleen - filters old/non-functional red blood cells from the body Brain - controls body functions and synthesizes information Stomach and intestines - digest food and removes waste Large intestine - forms waste and toxins into stool Lungs - exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen to feel cells Pancreas - helps regulate blood sugar Ovaries - produce ova/eggs

Question 31

Integumentary system function

Answer 31

Provides protection; regulates temperature, controls the sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands

Question 32

Skeletal system function

Answer 32

Provides framework and shapes the body

Question 33

Muscular system function

Answer 33

Allows for voluntary and involuntary movement of the body

Question 34

Circulatory system function

Answer 34

Circulates blood, oxygen, hormones, toxins, and transports lymph thought out the body

Question 35

Lymphatic system function

Answer 35

Collects waste products, including toxin, and transports lymph for excretion

Question 36

Nervous system function

Answer 36

Sends and recieves body messages

Question 37

Digestive system function

Answer 37

Converts nutrients to energy for the body

Question 38

Excretory system function

Answer 38

Eliminates waste/toxins form the body

Question 39

Respiratory system function

Answer 39

Provides exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to feed cells and tissues

Question 40

Endocrine system function

Answer 40

Controls release of hormones that directly affect hair growth, skin conditions, and energy levels

Question 41

Reproductive system function

Answer 41

Determines sex-specific characteristics and allows for procreation