Cardiovascular System

Question 1

The cardiovascular system is also called the

Answer 1

Circulatory system

Question 2

The cardiovascular system includes the

Answer 2

Heart, blood, arteries, veins, and capillaries

Question 3

The heart is about the size of ____ and is made almost entirely out of ______ ________

Answer 3

A closed fist

Cardiac muscle

Question 4

Average resting heart rate

Answer 4

65-85 bpm

Question 5

The heart is encased in a thick membrane called

Answer 5

Pericardium

Question 6

What are the additional layers of the heart wall

Answer 6

Myocardium
Endocardium

Question 7

Myocardium def

Answer 7

Thick, muscular, middle layer between the pericardium and endocardium

Question 8

Endocardium def

Answer 8

Thin inner lining

Question 9

The interior of the heart contains how many chambers divided by a thin muscular wall called the ______

Answer 9

Contains 4 chambers

Septum

Question 10

The upper chambers consist of the right and left _____

Answer 10

Atrium

Question 11

The lower chambers consist of the right and left _____

Answer 11

Ventricle

Question 12

Blood circulates through the body bringing _______ and ______ to all body parts

Answer 12

Nourishment and oxygen

Question 13

The blood carries ____ and ______ products to the liver and kidneys to be ______

Answer 13

Toxins and waste

Eliminated

Question 14

The blood consists of

Answer 14

Red and white corpuscles (blood cells)
Platelets
Plasma

Question 15

On average, an adult has _____ gallons of blood

Answer 15

1.2-1.5 gallons

Question 16

Red bloods cells (RBCs) description

Answer 16

Also called erythrocytes or red corpuscles
Use hemoglobin to transport oxygen

When oxygen is being carried, blood = bright red
When oxygen is low, blood = scarlet red

Question 17

White blood cells (WBCs) description

Answer 17

Also called leukocytes or white corpuscles
Fight bacteria and other foreign substances

When infection invades body, number increases

Question 18

Blood platelets description

Answer 18

Also called thrombocytes
Responsible for the clotting of blood

Question 19

Plasma description

Answer 19

Fluid part of the blood

Makes up 55% of the blood and consists of about 90% water

Question 20

Blood vessels description

Answer 20

Transports blood to and from the heart ; then to various tissues of the body

Question 21

Arteries description

Answer 21

Carries oxygenated blood (except for pulmonary artery)
Helps pump flow coming from the heart

Question 22

What is the largest artery

Answer 22

Aorta

Question 23

Artery vessel walls are

Answer 23

Thick

Question 24

Veins description

Answer 24

Carries deoxygenated blood from capillaries to heart and lungs for cleaning and to pick up oxygen (except for pulmonary vein)

Question 25

Vein vessel walls are

Answer 25

Thin

Question 26

Veins are positioned closer to _____ ______

Answer 26

Outer surface

Question 27

Thinner walls means

Answer 27

Less elastic than arteries

Question 28

Veins contain cup-like valves to

Answer 28

Prevent back flow

Question 29

Capillaries description

Answer 29

Also described as microscopic blood vessels; allows effective exchange of substances between blood and tissues Takes nutrients and oxygen from arteries to cells Takes waste products from cells to veins

Question 30

Systemic or general circulation def

Answer 30

The two sides of the heart are separate, but they work together. Its the process of blood traveling from the heart, throughout the body and back to the heart.

Question 31

Blood flow through the heart steps

Answer 31

Systemic circulation - to the heart Pulmonary circulation - to the lungs Systemic circulation - back to the heart Systemic circulation - to the body 1. Oxygen-poor blood enters the right atrium of the heart through the super vena cava and inferior vena cava 2. From the right atrium, blood is pumped through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle 3. From the right ventricle, blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery 4. Blood travels though the pulmonary artery to the lungs where it’s oxygenated 5. From the lungs, the newly oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary vein and enters the hearts left atrium 6. Blood is pumped from the left atrium to the left ventricle by the bicuspid valve or mitral valve 7. Due to the valves located between the chambers, the blood flows in the one direction 8. From the left ventricle, blood pumps through the aortic valve into the aorta 9. Blood then flows from the aorta to other arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins 10. Circulates through the body, only to return and begin the circulatory process again

Question 32

Cardiovascular system is responsible for

Answer 32

Circulation of blood Vital role in maintaining homeostasis

Question 33

Veins lie ______to the surface of the skin and arteries are found ______

Answer 33

Veins lie nearer to the surface of the skin and arteries are found deep in the tissues