Bus. Mang. Ch 12 Flashcards
(37 cards)
motivation
psychological process that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior
extrinsic reward
the payoff, such as money, a person receives from others for performing a particular task
intrinsic reward
the satisfaction, such as feeling of accomplishment, a person receives from performing the particular task itself
content perspectives (need-based perspective)
theories that emphasize the needs that motivate people
needs
physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior
hierarchy of needs theory
proposes that people are motivated by fve levels of needs: 1)physiological, 2)safety, 3)love, 4)esteem, 5)self-actualization
ERG theory
assumes that three basic needs influence behavior- existence, relatedness, and growth
acquired needs theory
three needs- achievement, affiliation, and power- are major motives determining people’s behavior in the workplace
two-factor theory
proposed that work satisfaction and dissatisfaction arise from two different factors- work satisfaction from motivating factors and work dissatisfaction from hygiene factors
hygiene factors
associated with job dissatisfaction-such as salary, working conditions, interfpersonal relationships and company policy-all of which affect the job context in which people work
motivating factors (motivators)
factors associated with job satisfaction-such as achievement, recognition, responsibility, and advancement-all of which affect the job content or the rewards of work performance
process perspectives
concerned with the thought processes by which people decide how to act
equity theory
focuses on employee perceptions as to how fairly they think they are being treated compared with others
expectancy theory
people are motivated by two things: 1)how much they want something, 2)how likely they think they are to get it
expectancy
the belief that a particular level of effort will lead to particular level of performance
instrumentality
the expectation that successful performance of the task will lead to the outcome desired
valence
value, the importance a worker assigns to the possible outcome or reward
goal-setting theory
employees can be motivated by goals that are specific and challenging by achievable
job design
1) the division of an organizations work among its employees and 2)the application of motivational theories to jobs to increase satisfaction and performance
job simplification
the process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs
job enlargement
consists of increasing the number of tasks in a job to increase variety and motivation
job enrichment
consists of building into a job such motivating factors as responsibility, achievement, recognition, performance, and satisfaction
job characteristics model
a)five core job characteristics that affect, b)three critical psychological states of an employee that in turn affect, c)work outcomes- the employees motivation, performance, and satisfaction
reinforcement theory
attempts to explain behavior change by suggesting that behavior with positive consequences tends to be repeated, whereas behavior with negative consequences tends not to be repeated
