Bus. Mang. Ch 8

Question 1

Organizational Culture (Corporate Culture)

Answer 1

a system of shared beliefs and values that develops w/in an organization and guides the behavior of its members

Question 2

Organizational Structure

Answer 2

a formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinate and motivates an organization’s members so that they can work together to achieve the organization’s goals.

Question 3

Clan Culture

Answer 3

has an internal focus and values flexibility rather than stability and control

Question 4

Adhocracy Culture

Answer 4

has an external focus and values flexibility

Question 5

Market Culture

Answer 5

has a strong external focus and values stability and control

Question 6

Hierarchy Culture

Answer 6

has an internal focus and values stability and control over flexibility

Question 7

Espoused Values

Answer 7

are the explicitly stated values and norms preferred by an organization

Question 8

Enacted Values

Answer 8

which represent the values and norms actually exhibited in the organization

Question 9

Symbol

Answer 9

is an object, act, quality, or event that conveys meaning to others

Question 10

Story

Answer 10

is a narrative based on true events, which is repeated- and sometimes embellished upon- to emphasize a particular value

Question 11

Hero

Answer 11

a person whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization

Question 12

Rites and rituals

Answer 12

are the activities and ceremonies, planned and unplanned, that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization’s life

Question 13

Strength Perspective

Answer 13

assumes that the strength of a corporate culture is related to a firm’s long-term financial performance

Question 14

Fit Perspective

Answer 14

assumes that an organizations culture must align, or fit, with its business or strategic context

Question 15

Adaptive Perspective

Answer 15

assumes that the most effective cultures help organizations anticipate and adapt to environmental changes

Question 16

Organization

Answer 16

system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people

Question 17

Organizational Chart

Answer 17

is a box-and-lines illustration showing the formal lines of authority and the organization’s official positions or work specializations

Question 18

Common Purpose

Answer 18

unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organizations reason for being

Question 19

coordinate effort

Answer 19

coordination of individual efforts into a group or organization-wide effort

Question 20

division of labor (work specialization)

Answer 20

the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people

Question 21

hierarchy of authority (chain of command)

Answer 21

a control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time

Question 22

unity of command

Answer 22

and employee should report to no more than one manager

Question 23

span of control (span of management)

Answer 23

refers to the number of people reporting directly to a given manager

Question 24

Authority

Answer 24

refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources

Question 25

accountability

Answer 25

managers must report and justify work results to the managers above them

Question 26

responsibility

Answer 26

the obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you

Question 27

delegation

Answer 27

is the process of assigning managerial authority and responsibility to managers and employees lower in the hierarchy

Question 28

line managers

Answer 28

have authority to make decisions and usually have people reporting to them

Question 29

staff personnel

Answer 29

have authority functions; they provide advice, recommendations, and research to line managers

Question 30

centralized authority

Answer 30

important decisions are made by higher-level managers

Question 31

decentralized authority

Answer 31

important decisions are made by middle-level and supervisory-level managers

Question 32

simple structure

Answer 32

has authority centralized in a dingle person, a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work specialization

Question 33

functional structure

Answer 33

people with similar occupational specialties are put together in formal groups

Question 34

divisional structure

Answer 34

people with diverse occupational specialties are put together in formal groups by similar products or services, customers or clients, or geographic regions

Question 35

product divisions

Answer 35

group activities around similar products or services

Question 36

customer divisions

Answer 36

tend to group activities around common customers or clients

Question 37

Geographic divisions

Answer 37

group activities around defined regional locations

Question 38

Matrix Sturcture

Answer 38

and organization combines functional and divisional chains of command in a grid so that there are two command structures-vertical horizontal

Question 39

team-based structure

Answer 39

teams or workgroups, either temporary or permanent, are used to improve horizontal relations and solve problems throughout the organization

Question 40

network structure

Answer 40

the organization has a central core that is linked to outside independent firms by computer connections, which are used to operate as if all were a single organization

Question 41

modular structure

Answer 41

a firm assembles product chunks, or modules, provided by outside contractors

Question 42

contingency design

Answer 42

the process of fitting the organization to its environment

Question 43

mechanistic organization

Answer 43

authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised

Question 44

organic organization

Answer 44

authority is decentralized, there are few rules and procedures, and networks of employees are encouraged to cooperate and respond quickly to unexpected tasks

Question 45

differentiation

Answer 45

the tendency of the parts of an organization to disperse and fragment

Question 46

integration

Answer 46

the tendency of the parts of an organization to draw together to achieve a common purpose

Question 47

organizational life cycle

Answer 47

has a natural sequence of stages: birth, youth, midlife, and maturity

Question 48

birth stage

Answer 48

the nonbureaucratic stage, the stage in which the organization is created

Question 49

youth stage

Answer 49

the organization is in a pre-bureaucratic stage, a stage of growth and expansion

Question 50

midlife stage

Answer 50

the organization becomes bureaucratic, a period of growth evolving into stability

Question 51

maturity stage

Answer 51

the organization becomes very bureaucratic, large, and mechanistic