C1 Cells

Question 1

Four macromolecules

Answer 1

nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates

Question 2

Microscope invented by ? and ? in mid 1600s

Answer 2

Hooke and leeuwenhoek

Question 3

Problem with electron microscope

Answer 3

limited to “fixed” materials

Question 4

Three features differentiating bacteria

Answer 4

cell wall, no nucleus, no organelles

Question 5

Who proposed that all organisms are composed of cells, the basic unit of life?

Answer 5

Mathias Schleden and Theodor Schwann

Question 6

Proposed “omnis cellula a cellula” or “cells can only arise from preexisting cells”

Answer 6

Virchow

Question 7

Showed that life does not spontaneously arise

Answer 7

Pasteur

Question 8

5 major organelles

Answer 8

nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ER, golgi

Question 9

Membranes separate the organelles from the ?

Answer 9

cytosol

Question 10

ph of the lysosome

Answer 10

5

Question 11

endosymbiotictheory (margulis)

Answer 11

mitochondria and chloroplasts were free-living bacteria before being taken up into eukaryotic cells by endosymbiosis

Question 12

Rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ? which are the site of ?

Answer 12

ribosomes, protein synthesis

Question 13

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is mostly concerned with ?

Answer 13

lipid metabolism

Question 14

The golgi apparatus is integral in modifying, sorting, and packaging ? for exocytosis or use within the cell.

Answer 14

Proteins from rough ER (and lipids from smooth ER)

Question 15

Long fine filament network consisting of ? (3)

Answer 15

microtubules, actin, intermediate filaments

Question 16

actin is present in especially large number in ? cells

Answer 16

muscle

Question 17

intermediate filaments function in ?

Answer 17

strengthening the cell mechanically

Question 18

Model Bacteria

Answer 18

E. Coli

Question 19

Model simple eukaryote

Answer 19

Yeast (S. Cerivisiae)

Question 20

Model plant

Answer 20

arabidopsis

Question 21

Model animals

Answer 21

Drosphila (fly), caenorhabditis(worm), mus musculus (mouse), homo sapiens

Question 22

Benefits of E. Coli as model organism

Answer 22

copes well w/ various conditions, reproduces rapidly, small genomes.

Question 23

Benefits of Yeast as model organism

Answer 23

single celled, rapid reproduction, only 2.5 times as much DNA as E. Coli

Question 24

Benefits of Arabidopsis as model organism

Answer 24

small, grows indoors, quick reproduction, small genome

Question 25

Benefit of Drosophila as model organism

Answer 25

genetic tools allow us to probe development. 

Question 26

Benefits of C. Elegans as model organism

Answer 26

Model for apoptosis (programmed cell death). Unusual degree of regularity.

Question 27

Genes that control the cell-division cycle

Answer 27

cdc genes

Question 28

S. Pombe cells with temperature-sensitive ? genes cannot divide at high temperatures

Answer 28

cdc2

Question 29

We have over ? different types of cells in our bodies assembled into a variety of tissues

Answer 29

200

Question 30

Three types of epithelial cells

Answer 30

absorptive, ciliated, secretory

Question 31

The brain and spinal cord are composed of a network of ?

Answer 31

neurons

Question 32

synapse

Answer 32

where a neuron forms a junction with another neuron (or muscle cell)

Question 33

Erythrocytes

Answer 33

red blood cells. have no nucleus or internal membranes. filled with hemoglobin.

Question 34

leucocytes

Answer 34

white blood cells. protect against infections.

Question 35

Two types of leucocytes

Answer 35

lymphocytes, macrophages

Question 36

moves joints by strong and rapid contraction

Answer 36

skeletal muscle

Question 37

thin elongated cells present in digestive tract, bladder, arteries and veins

Answer 37

smooth muscle

Question 38

intermediate muscle between skeletal and smooth

Answer 38

cardiac (responsible for heartbeat)

Question 39

cells entire library of genetic information

Answer 39

genome

Question 40

Organelles that have their own DNA and reproduce by dividing in two (2)

Answer 40

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 41

site of intracellular digestion

Answer 41

lysosomes

Question 42

generates and degrades hydrogen peroxide

Answer 42

peroxisomes

Question 43

diverse group of unicellular eukaryotic organisms that prey upon other cells

Answer 43

protozoa

Question 44

benefits of zebrafish as model organism

Answer 44

transparent for first two weeks of life

Question 45

model vertebrate

Answer 45

zebrafish

Question 46

Organism that Provided definitive proof that genes are carried on chromosomes.

Answer 46

Drosophila

Question 47

Organism used in Used in discovery of how cells replicate.

Answer 47

E. Coli

Question 48

Benefits of mice as model organism

Answer 48

deliberately engineered mutations, almost every gene has counterpart in humans