C7 DNA to Protein Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in C7 DNA to Protein Deck (32)
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1
Q

What is a promoter

A

Location of the initiation of synthesis

2
Q

Three steps in Nucleic acid polymerization

A

Initiation, elongation, termination

3
Q

Bacterial RNAP uses this to help recognize the DNA sequence of a promoter

A

sigma factor

4
Q

Has polycistronic DNA (eukarya vs prokarya)

A

prokarya

5
Q

In prokaryotes, it directs RNAP to start at different promoter sequences

A

sigma factor

6
Q

number of RNA polymerases in prokaryotes

A

1

7
Q

number of RNA polymerases in eukaryotes

A

3

8
Q

Which RNAP makes rRNA in eukaryotes

A

pol I

9
Q

Which RNAP makes tRNA and snRNA in eukaryotes

A

pol III

10
Q

Which RNAP makes mRNA in eukaryotes

A

pol II

11
Q

Requires multiple general transcription factors to form a transcription initiation complex

A

RNAP 2

12
Q

The TBP region of this transcription factor binds to the TATA box within the promoter

A

TFIID

13
Q

What occurs when RNAP II transitions from initiation to elongation?

A

Initiation factors release and C-terminal domain of RNAP is phosphorylated

14
Q

Why does thymine in DNA have less error than Uracil in RNA?

A

cytosine can be deaminated to uracil. Easily recognized in DNA as error. More difficult in RNA.

15
Q

In eukaryotes, transcription occurs here

A

nucleus

16
Q

What is added to the 5’ end of a primary transcript?

A

7-methyl-G

17
Q

How does the 5cap and PolyAtail effect the mRNA?

A

Allows it to be transported out of the nucleus and increases its stability

18
Q

Single coding sequence that codes for multiple proteins

A

polycistronic

19
Q

Splicing is controlled by a ? complex known as a ?. It contains ?

A

ribonucleoprotein. spliceosome. snRNPs

20
Q

Why have splicing?

A

Additional flexibility in recombination

21
Q

snRNPs are made up of.. (2)

A

protein and snRNA

22
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes charging of tRNAs with respective amino acid

A

aminoacyl-tRNA syntetases

23
Q

Two types of Ribosomes

A

attached to rough ER and free ribosomes

24
Q

Prokaryote ribosome binding site

A

shine dalgarno

25
Q

proteins are broken down by ? often in a ?

A

proteases, proteasome

26
Q

Signal recognized by proteasome

A

ubiquitin

27
Q

RNA enzymes

A

ribozymes

28
Q

Bacteria Promoter Stuctures

A

-35 and -10 sequences and sigma factors

29
Q

Eukaryote Promoter Structures

A

TATA Box and general transcription factors

30
Q

Bacteria Ribosome mRNA binding structures

A

Shine dalgarno and AUG

31
Q

Eukaryote Ribosome mRNA binding structures

A

5’cap and AUG

32
Q

Describe eukaryotic translation initiation

A

initiator tRNA and initiation factors bind to small ribosome subunit. Snall subunit binds to mRNA. Initiator tRNA finds AUG start site. Initiation factors dissociate. Large ribosome subunit binds.