C1 - What is life? Flashcards
(44 cards)
Define the term ‘anatomy’
The study of the structure of the body and its parts
Anatomy can be divided into macroscopic and microscopic levels.
Define the term ‘physiology’
The study of the functions of the body and its parts
Physiology often explores how different systems interact within the body.
What are the six levels of organisation in the body?
- Chemical
- Cell
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ system
- Organism
Each level represents a higher degree of complexity in biological organization.
List the six characteristics of organisms
- Organisation
- Metabolism
- Responsiveness
- Growth
- Development
- Reproduction
These characteristics help to determine whether something is alive.
Define ‘homeostasis’
The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in the body
Homeostasis involves regulating variables like temperature, pH, and glucose levels.
What are the characteristics of the anatomical position?
- Standing erect
- Head and eyes facing forward
- Feet flat and facing forward
- Arms straight by the sides
- Forearms supinated (palms facing forward)
The anatomical position is a standard reference point for anatomical terminology.
What are the three planes in which the body can be divided?
- Sagittal
- Coronal
- Transverse
These planes provide a way to describe the location of structures in relation to one another.
List the three anterior cavities of the trunk
- Thoracic cavity
- Abdominal cavity
- Pelvic cavity
These cavities house vital organs and are separated by the diaphragm.
What is the function of serous membranes?
To line body cavities and reduce friction between organs
Serous membranes secrete serous fluid, allowing organs to move smoothly.
What is the major muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?
Diaphragm
The diaphragm plays a crucial role in respiration.
What is the mediastinum?
The area between the left and right sides of the thoracic cavity
The mediastinum contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, blood vessels, and nerves.
Which organ is located in the left upper quadrant?
Spleen
Knowing the location of organs is essential for diagnosing medical conditions.
Fill in the blank: The liver is ______ to the urinary bladder.
superior
This indicates that the liver is positioned above the urinary bladder.
Fill in the blank: The elbow is ______ to the shoulder.
distal
This indicates that the elbow is farther from the point of attachment than the shoulder.
True or False: Homeostasis can be maintained even with small fluctuations in internal conditions.
True
The normal range allows for minor deviations from the set point.
What is a major disturbance of homeostasis?
Conditions that require medical intervention
Examples include heart attacks, strokes, or severe infections.
What is the role of insulin in the body?
To lower blood sugar levels by moving sugar out of the bloodstream into body cells
Insulin is crucial for managing glucose levels in diabetes.
List some health professionals involved in diabetes management
- Emergency physicians
- Nurses
- Dietitians
- Diabetes educators
- Endocrinologists
A multidisciplinary approach is essential for effective diabetes care.
What position is the body model in during the anatomy exercise?
Supine position with upper and lower limbs extended and palms supinated
Who is responsible for drawing the outline of the body model?
The artist
What role does the whole body expert play in the anatomy exercise?
Examines the torso model and communicates organ positions using anatomical terminology
What does the organ specialist do?
Examines individual organs to determine their shape and size, and communicates this to the artist
How long do the participants have to build their model?
10 minutes
Who can draw in the organs on the figure?
Only the artist and body model
