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GCSE Chemistry COPY > C13.3 - Greenhouse gases > Flashcards

C13.3 - Greenhouse gases Flashcards

1
Q

Why can media reports be misleading?

A

Media reports can be misleading, because they are sometimes:
1. Biased
Or,
2. Over-simplified

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2
Q

What are the main ‘greenhouse gases’ in the Earth’s atmosphere?

A

The main ‘greenhouse gases’ in the Earth’s atmosphere are:

  1. Carbon dioxide
  2. Methane
  3. Water vapour
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3
Q

Greenhouse gases

A

Greenhouse gases are gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation

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4
Q

Without carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere, what would the average temperature on Earth be?

A

Without carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere, the average temperature on the Earth would be about -19 degrees Celsius

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5
Q

What is the Earth heated by?

A

The Earth is heated by the Sun

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6
Q

The Earth is heated by the Sun.

How much of the energy reaching the Earth warms up our planet?

A

Not all of the energy reaching the Earth warms up our planet

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7
Q

Example of short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation

A

An example of short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation is ultraviolet (UV) light

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8
Q

What do greenhouse gases let pass through?

A

Greenhouse gases let short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation pass through

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9
Q

How does the surface of the Earth cool down?

A

The surface of the Earth cools down by emitting longer wavelength infrared (thermal) radiation

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10
Q

The surface of the Earth cools down by emitting longer wavelength infrared (thermal) radiation.
However, what do greenhouse gases absorb?

A

Greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation

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11
Q

The surface of the Earth cools down by emitting longer wavelength infrared (thermal) radiation.
However, greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation.
What does the radiation do?

A 
The radiation stimulates the bonds in these molecules to:
1. Vibrate
2. Bend
3. Stretch
more vigorously
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12
Q

The surface of the Earth cools down by emitting longer wavelength infrared (thermal) radiation.
However, greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation.
The radiation stimulates the bonds in these molecules to vibrate, bend and stretch more vigorously, raising their temperature.
So, what happens?

A
  1. Some of the energy radiated from the surface of the Earth gets trapped in the atmosphere
  2. The temperature rises
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13
Q

What happens the higher the proportion of greenhouse gases in the air?

A

The higher the proportion of greenhouse gases in the air, the more energy is absorbed

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14
Q

What do the molecules of a ‘greenhouse gas’ do?

A

The molecules of a ‘greenhouse gas’ absorb the energy radiated by the Earth as it cools down at night

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15
Q

The molecules of a ‘greenhouse gas’ absorb the energy radiated by the Earth as it cools down at night.
What does this do?

A

This:

  1. Increases the store of energy of the gases in the atmosphere
  2. Warms the Earth
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16
Q

Over the past century, what has the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere done?

A

Over the past century, the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere has greatly increased

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17
Q

What are used more than ever to make electricity, heat homes and run cars?

A

More fossil fuels than ever are used to:

  1. Make electricity
  2. Heat homes
  3. Run cars
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18
Q

More fossil fuels than ever are used to make electricity, heat homes and run cars.
What has this enormously increased?

A

This has enormously increased the amount of carbon dioxide produced

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19
Q

Why has more fossil fuels being used than ever to make electricity, heat homes and run cars enormously increased the amount of carbon dioxide?
What happens when you burn fossil fuels?

A

When you burn fossil fuels, carbon that has been locked up for hundreds of millions of years in fossil fuels is released as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when used as fuel

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20
Q

How does methane get into the atmosphere?

A

Methane gets into the atmosphere from:

  1. Swamps
  2. Rice fields
21
Q

Methane gets into the atmosphere from swamps and rice fields.
What is another source of methane?

A

Another source of methane is emissions from:

  1. The growing number of grazing cattle
  2. Their decomposing waste
22
Q

Methane gets into the atmosphere from swamps and rice fields.
Another source of methane is emissions from the growing number of grazing cattle and from their decomposing waste.
The increasing human population produces more what?

A

The increasing human population produces more waste to dispose of in landfill sites

23
Q

The 3 sources of methane

A

The 3 sources of methane are:

  1. Swamps and rice fields
  2. The growing number of grazing cattle and from their decomposing waste
  3. Waste in landfill sites
24
Q

What is there no doubt of amongst scientists?

A

There is no doubt of amongst scientists that the levels of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere are increasing

25
Q

There is no doubt of amongst scientists that the levels of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere are increasing.
So, what are you experiencing?

A

You are experiencing an enhanced greenhouse-effect

26
Q

The overall trend in the carbon dioxide proportion and the year

A

The overall trend in the:
1. Carbon dioxide proportion
2. Year
has been upwards

27
Q

Examples of ‘CO2 sinks’

A

Examples of ‘CO2 sinks’ are:

  1. Tropical rainforests
  2. The oceans
28
Q

What is the balance between the carbon dioxide produced and the carbon dioxide absorbed by ‘CO2 sinks’ affected by?

A

The balance between the carbon dioxide:
1. Produced
2. Absorbed
by ‘CO2 sinks’ is affected by human activity

29
Q

The balance between the carbon dioxide produced and the carbon dioxide absorbed by ‘CO2 sinks’ is affected by human activity.
Examples

A

For example:

  1. Deforestation
  2. Temperature rising
30
Q

The balance between the carbon dioxide produced and the carbon dioxide absorbed by ‘CO2 sinks’ is affected by human activity.
What happens as more trees are cut down for timber and to clear land (deforestation)?

A

As more trees are cut down for timber and to clear land (deforestation), the carbon dioxide removed from the air as the trees photosynthesise is reduced

31
Q

The balance between the carbon dioxide produced and the carbon dioxide absorbed by ‘CO2 sinks’ is affected by human activity.
What happens as the temperature rises?

A

As the temperature rises, carbon dioxide gets less and less soluble in water

32
Q

What do most scientists agree?

A

Most scientists agree that a trend in global warming has started

33
Q

Most scientists agree that a trend in global warming has started.
What are their views based on?

A

Their views are based on evidence presented in scientific journals

34
Q

Most scientists agree that a trend in global warming has started.
Their views are based on evidence presented in scientific journals.
What does such evidence have to be?

A

Such evidence has to be checked by other scientists working in the same area of expertise

35
Q

Most scientists agree that a trend in global warming has started.
Their views are based on evidence presented in scientific journals.
Such evidence has to be checked by other scientists working in the same area of expertise.
However, what do a minority of scientists argue?

A

A minority of scientists argue that rises observed are due to natural variations that have always happened throughout the long history of the Earth

36
Q

What are scientists searching for?

A

Scientists are searching for ‘hard’ evidence of the link between the:

  1. Levels of carbon dioxide
  2. Climate
37
Q

Scientists are searching for ‘hard’ evidence of the link between the levels of carbon dioxide and the climate.
What is one source?

A

One source is ice cores drilled from Greenland’s ice sheet

38
Q

Scientists are searching for ‘hard’ evidence of the link between the levels of carbon dioxide and the climate.
How are ice cores drilled from Greenland’s ice sheet, which have gases trapped inside, one source of this?

A

Once source is ice cores drilled from Greenland’s ice sheet, which have gases trapped inside, because scientists can analyse the trapped air to find out how the composition of the gases in the atmosphere has changed over time

39
Q

Scientists are searching for ‘hard’ evidence of the link between the levels of carbon dioxide and the climate.
Once source is ice cores drilled from Greenland’s ice sheet, which have gases trapped inside, because scientists can analyse the trapped air to find out how the composition of the gases in the atmosphere has changed over time.
What does analysis suggest?

A

Analysis suggests that the current levels of carbon dioxide are higher than at any time in the last 440,000 years

40
Q

Despite advances in science, what can you not predict with certainty?

A

Despite advances in science, you cannot predict with certainty the effects of increasing levels of greenhouse gases

41
Q

Media reports can be misleading, because they are sometimes:
1. Biased
Or,
2. Over-simplified, as they often seek out what?

A

Media reports can be misleading, because they are sometimes:
1. Biased
Or,
2. Over-simplified, as they often seek out sensational headlines from scientific research without presenting the whole picture

42
Q

The Earth is heated by the Sun.
Not all of the energy reaching the Earth warms up our planet.
About 30% is what?

A

About 30% is reflected back into space from the:

  1. Atmosphere
  2. Surface
43
Q

The surface of the Earth cools down by emitting longer wavelength infrared (thermal) radiation.
However, greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation.
The radiation stimulates the bonds in these molecules to vibrate, bend and stretch more vigorously, doing what?

A

The radiation stimulates the bonds in these molecules to:
1. Vibrate
2. Bend
3. Stretch
more vigorously, raising their temperature

44
Q

Methane gets into the atmosphere from swamps and rice fields.
Another source of methane is emissions from the growing number of grazing cattle and from their decomposing waste.
The increasing human population produces more waste to dispose of in landfill sites, which are what?

A

The increasing human population produces more waste to dispose of in landfill sites, which are another source of methane

45
Q

There is no doubt of amongst scientists that the levels of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere are increasing.
You are experiencing an enhanced greenhouse-effect, greater than what?

A

You are experiencing an enhanced greenhouse-effect, greater than the warming effect in pre-industrial times

46
Q

The balance between the carbon dioxide produced and the carbon dioxide absorbed by ‘CO2 sinks’ is affected by human activity.
As the temperature rises, carbon dioxide gets less and less soluble in water.
This makes the oceans what?

A

This makes the oceans less effective as ‘CO2 sinks’

47
Q

Scientists are searching for ‘hard’ evidence of the link between the levels of carbon dioxide and the climate.
One source is ice cores drilled from Greenland’s ice sheet, which have what trapped inside?

A

One source is ice cores drilled from Greenland’s ice sheet, which have gases trapped inside

48
Q

Despite advances in science, you cannot predict with certainty the effects of increasing levels of greenhouse gases, even with what?

A

Despite advances in science, you cannot predict with certainty the effects of increasing levels of greenhouse gases, even with the aid of the most powerful computers

GCSE Chemistry COPY (70 decks)

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