C5.2 - Displacement reactions Flashcards by Nick Passmore

You can use the reactions of metals with water and dilute acid to get an order of reactivity.
How can you also judge reactivity?

You can also judge reactivity by putting the metals ‘into competition’ with each other

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You can judge reactivity by putting the metals ‘into competition’ with each other.
How can you do this?

You can judge reactivity by putting the metals ‘into competition’ with each other:

One metal starts off as atoms of the element
The other metal starts off as positive ions in a solution of one of its salts

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For example:
1.Magnesium metal, Mg (s)
2. Copper(II) ions, Cu2+ (aq)
,in a solution of copper(II) sulfate

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What will a more reactive metal do?

A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from an aqueous solution of one of its salts

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Putting the metals ‘into competition’ with each other to judge reactivity:
One metal starts off as atoms of the element and the other metal starts off as positive ions in a solution of one of its salts.
For example, magnesium metal, Mg (s), and copper(II) ions, Cu2+ (aq), in a solution of copper(II) sulfate.
What will happen?

Magnesium is more reactive than copper, so the copper ions will be displaced from solution to form copper metal, Cu (s)

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In this reaction, the magnesium metal:

Forms aqueous magnesium ions, Mg2+ (aq)
Dissolves into the solution

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The word equation for magnesium metal, Mg (s), and copper(II) ions, Cu2+ (aq), in a solution of copper(II) sulfate

The word equation for magnesium metal, Mg (s), and copper(II) ions, Cu2+ (aq), in a solution of copper(II) sulfate is:
Magnesium + Copper(II) sulfate —> Magnesium sulfate + Copper

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Magnesium + Copper(II) sulfate —> Magnesium sulfate + Copper.
The balanced symbol equation including state symbols

The balanced symbol equation including state symbols is:

Mg (s) + CuSO4 (aq) —> MgSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

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Displacement reaction

A displacement reaction is a reaction in which a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in:

One of its compounds
Solution

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Ionic equation

An ionic equation is an equation that shows only those:
1. Ions
Or,
2. Atoms
that change in a chemical reaction

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The ionic equation of Magnesium + Copper(II) sulfate —> Magnesium sulfate + Copper

The ionic equation of Magnesium + Copper(II) sulfate —> Magnesium sulfate + Copper is:
Mg (s) + Cu2+ (aq) —> Mg2+ (aq) + Cu (s)

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Why is the ionic equation of Magnesium + Copper(II) sulfate —> Magnesium sulfate + Copper Mg (s) + Cu2+ (aq) —> Mg2+ (aq) + Cu (s)?

The ionic equation is of Magnesium + Copper(II) sulfate —> Magnesium sulfate + Copper is Mg (s) + Cu2+ (aq) —> Mg2+ (aq) + Cu (s), because the sulfate ions remain the same, so do not appear in the ionic equation

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The chemical formula of sulfate ions

The chemical formula of sulfate ions is:

SO42-

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The ionic equation is of Magnesium + Copper(II) sulfate —> Magnesium sulfate + Copper is Mg (s) + Cu2+ (aq) —> Mg2+ (aq) + Cu (s)
What does this show?

This shows that magnesium atoms have a greater tendency to form positive ions than copper atoms

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Zinc in relation to lead

Zinc is:

More reactive than lead
Higher up the reactivity series than lead

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Zinc is more reactive than lead and it is higher up the reactivity series.
Therefore, what does zinc do?

Therefore, zinc displaces lead from its solution

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Chemical equation for:

Zinc + Lead nitrate —> Zinc nitrate + Lead

The chemical equation for Zinc + Lead nitrate —> Zinc nitrate + Lead is:
Zn (s) + Pb(NO3)2 (aq) —> Zn(NO3)2 (aq) + Pb (s)

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Zinc is more reactive than lead - it is higher up the reactivity series.
Therefore, zinc displaces lead from its solution.
What would you see?

You would see the lead metal forming as crystals on the zinc

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How can you include the non-metals hydrogen and carbon in the reactivity series?

You can include the non-metals:
1. Hydrogen
2. Carbon
in the reactivity series using displacement reactions

You can include the non-metals hydrogen and carbon in the reactivity series using displacement reactions.
How can you think of the metal plus acid reactions?

You can think of the metal plus acid reactions as displacement of hydrogen ions from solution

You can include the non-metals hydrogen and carbon in the reactivity series using displacement reactions.
You can think of the metal plus acid reactions as displacement of hydrogen ions from solution.
Copper cannot do what, whereas lead can?

Copper cannot displace the hydrogen from an acid, whereas lead can

What can carbon be used in?

Carbon can be used in the extraction of metals from their oxides

Carbon can be used in the extraction of metals from their oxides (another type of displacement reaction).
However, what can carbon only do this for?

Carbon can only do this for metals below aluminium in the reactivity series

Carbon does not displace aluminium from aluminium oxide

Carbon can be used in the extraction of metals from their oxides (another type of displacement reaction). However, carbon can only do this for metals below aluminium in the reactivity series. Carbon does not displace aluminium from aluminium oxide, but can displace zinc from zinc oxide. So where is carbon placed in the reactivity series?

Carbon is placed between: 1. Aluminium 2. Zinc in the reactivity series

Oxidation

Oxidation is the: 1. Chemical addition of oxygen 2. Loss of electrons

Reduction

Reduction is the: 1. Removal of oxygen 2. Gain of electrons

Where is the reaction of the displacement of copper(II) ions by iron used?

The reaction of the displacement of copper(II) ions by iron is used in industry to extract copper metal from copper sulfate solution

The reaction of the displacement of copper(II) ions by iron is used in industry to extract copper metal from copper sulfate solution. The iron added to the copper sulfate solution is what iron?

The iron added to the copper sulfate solution is cheap scrap iron

The reaction of the displacement of copper(II) ions by iron is used in industry to extract copper metal from copper sulfate solution. The ionic equation for this reaction

The ionic equation for the reaction of the displacement of copper(II) ions by iron is: Fe (s) + Cu2+ (aq) ---> Fe2+ (aq) + Cu (s)

The reaction of the displacement of copper(II) ions by iron is used in industry to extract copper metal from copper sulfate solution. The ionic equation for the reaction of the displacement of copper(II) ions by iron is Fe (s) + Cu2+ (aq) ---> Fe2+ (aq) + Cu (s). What can you use to show what happens to each reactant?

You can use half-equations to show what happens to each reactant

Half-equation

A half-equation is an equation that describes: 1. Reduction (gain of electrons) Or, 2. Oxidation (loss of electrons)

The reaction of the displacement of copper(II) ions by iron is used in industry to extract copper metal from copper sulfate solution. What happens to the iron atoms?

The iron atoms lose 2 electrons to form iron(II) ions

The 2 electrons from iron are gained by the copper(II) ions as they form copper ions

The reaction of the displacement of copper(II) ions by iron is used in industry to extract copper metal from copper sulfate solution. The iron atoms lose 2 electrons to form iron(II) ions (oxidation). The 2 electrons from iron are gained by the copper(II) ions as they form copper ions. What is this?

This is reduction (the gain of electrons)

OILRIG

OILRIG: 1. Oxidation Is Loss 2. Reduction Is Gain

You can use the reactions of metals with what to get an order of reactivity?

You can use the reactions of metals with: 1. Water 2. Dilute acid to get an order of reactivity.

Zinc is more reactive than lead and it is higher up the reactivity series. Therefore, zinc displaces lead from its solution. Zinc + Lead nitrate ---> What?

Zinc + Lead nitrate ---> Zinc nitrate + Lead

You can include the non-metals hydrogen and carbon in the reactivity series using displacement reactions. You can think of the metal plus acid reactions as displacement of hydrogen ions from solution. Copper cannot displace the hydrogen from an acid, whereas lead can, so hydrogen is positioned where?

Copper cannot displace the hydrogen from an acid, whereas lead can, so hydrogen is positioned between: 1. Copper 2. Lead

Carbon can be used in the extraction of metals from their oxides. The extraction of metals from their oxides is another type of what?

The extraction of metals from their oxides is another type of displacement reaction

Carbon does not displace aluminium from aluminium oxide, but can displace zinc from zinc oxide

The reaction of the displacement of copper(II) ions by iron is used in industry to extract copper metal from copper sulfate solution. The ionic equation for the reaction of the displacement of copper(II) ions by iron is Fe (s) + Cu2+ (aq) ---> Fe2+ (aq) + Cu (s). You can use half-equations to show what happens to each reactant. Fe (s) ---> ?

Fe (s) ---> Fe2+ (aq) + 2e-

This is oxidation (the loss of electrons)

The reaction of the displacement of copper(II) ions by iron is used in industry to extract copper metal from copper sulfate solution. The iron atoms lose 2 electrons to form iron(II) ions. This is oxidation (the loss of electrons). The iron atoms have been what?

The iron atoms have been oxidised

Cu2+ (aq) + 2e- ---> Cu (s)

The copper(II) ions have been reduced