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GCSE Chemistry COPY > C5.7 - Neutralisation and the pH scale > Flashcards

C5.7 - Neutralisation and the pH scale Flashcards

1
Q

What do you do when you dissolve a substance in water?

A

When you dissolve a substance in water, you make an aqueous solution

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2
Q

When you dissolve a substance in water, you make an aqueous solution, as what happens with what?

A

When you dissolve a substance in water, you make an aqueous solution, as what happens with the washing powder in a washing machine

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3
Q

When you dissolve a substance in water, you make an aqueous solution.
What does whether the solution formed is acidic, alkaline or neutral depend on?

A 
Whether the solution formed is:
1. Acidic
2. Alkaline
Or,
3. Neutral
depends on which substance you have dissolved
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4
Q

A solution of washing powder is what?

A

A solution of washing powder is slightly alkaline

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5
Q

Alkalis

A

Alkalis are soluble hydroxides

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6
Q

Example of an alkali solution

A

An example of an alkali solution is sodium hydroxide solution

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7
Q

Bases

A

Bases are:

  1. Substances that can neutralise acids
  2. Proton (H+ ion) acceptors
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8
Q

Examples of bases

A

Examples of bases are:

  1. Iron oxide
  2. Copper hydroxide
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9
Q

Examples of bases include iron oxide and copper hydroxide.

What are they both?

A
  1. Iron oxide
  2. Copper hydroxide
    are both insoluble in water
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10
Q

Acids

A

Acids are proton (H+ ion) donors

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11
Q

Examples of acids

A

Examples of acids are:

  1. Citric acid
  2. Sulfuric acid
  3. Ethanoic acid
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12
Q

How do all acids taste?

A

All acids taste very sour

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13
Q

All acids taste very sour, although many acids are far too dangerous to put in your mouth.
What acids are weak enough to be edible?

A
  1. Ethanoic acid
  2. Citric acid
    are acids that are weak enough to be edible
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14
Q

Where is ethanoic acid found?

A

Ethanoic acid is found in vinegar

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15
Q

Where is citric acid found?

A

Citric acid is found in:

  1. Citrus fruit
  2. Fizzy drinks
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16
Q

Neutral

A

Neutral is:

  1. A solution with a pH value of 7, which is neither acidic or alkaline
  2. Something that carries no overall electrical charge
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17
Q

What is pure water?

A

Pure water is:

  1. Neutral
  2. Neither acidic or alkaline
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18
Q

Where are acids and bases?

A

Acids and bases are:

  1. All around you
  2. In many of the things used in everyday life
  3. In your bodies, too
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19
Q

How is hydrochloric acid formed?

A

Hydrochloric acid is formed when the gas hydrogen chloride, HCl, dissolves in water:
water
HCl (g) —> H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)

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20
Q

What do all acids do when added to water?

A

All acids release H+ (aq) ions into solution when added to water

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21
Q

All acids release H+ (aq) ions into solution when added to water.
What makes a solution acidic?

A

It is these excess H+ (aq) ions that make a solution acidic

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22
Q

Why are alkalis the bases often used in experiments?

A

Alkalis are the bases often used in experiments, because alkalis are bases that:

  1. Dissolve in water
  2. Form solutions
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23
Q

Alkalis are the bases often used in experiments, because alkalis are bases that dissolve in water and form solutions.
What is often found in school labs?

A

Sodium hydroxide solution is often found in school labs

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24
Q

When do you get sodium hydroxide solution?

A

You get sodium hydroxide solution when you dissolve solid sodium hydroxide in water:
water
NaOH (s) —> Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

25
Q

What do all alkalis form when added to water?

A

All alkalis form aqueous hydroxide ions when added to water

26
Q

All alkalis form aqueous hydroxide ions when added to water.

The chemical formula for aqueous hydroxide ions

A

The chemical formula for aqueous hydroxide ions is OH- (aq)

27
Q

All alkalis form aqueous hydroxide ions when added to water.

What make a solution alkaline?

A

It is these excess aqueous hydroxide ions, OH- (aq), that make a solution alkaline

28
Q

Indicators

A

Indicators are substances which change colour when you add them to:

  1. Acids
  2. Alkalis
29
Q

Indicators are substances which change colour when you add them to acids and alkalis.
Litmus

A

Litmus is a well-known indicator:

  1. Red in acid
  2. Blue in alkali
30
Q

What can you use to show how acidic or alkaline a solution?

A 
You use the pH scale to show how:
1. Acidic
Or,
2. Alkaline
a solution is
31
Q

pH

A 
pH is a number which shows how strongly:
1. Acidic
Or,
2. Alkaline
a solution is
32
Q

You use the pH scale to show how acidic or alkaline a solution is.
Where does the scale run from?

A

The scale runs from:
1. 0 (most acidic)
to
2. 14 (most alkaline)

33
Q

You use the pH scale to show how acidic or alkaline a solution is.
The scale runs from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most alkaline).
What can you use to find the pH of a solution?

A

You can use universal indicator to find the pH of a solution

34
Q

You can use universal indicator to find the pH of a solution.
What is universal indicator?

A

Universal indicator is a special indicator made from a number of dyes

35
Q

What is anything in the middle of the pH scale?

A

Anything in the middle of the pH scale (pH 7) is neutral, neither:
1. Acidic
Or,
2. Alkaline

36
Q

You use the pH scale to show how acidic or alkaline a solution is.
You can also use a what?

A

You can also use a pH meter

37
Q

You use the pH scale to show how acidic or alkaline a solution is.
You can also use a pH meter, which has a glass probe attached to dip in the solution being tested.
What do some electronic pH sensors do?

A

Some electronic pH sensors give a digital display of the pH directly

38
Q

What can pH probes or sensors do?

A

pH probes or sensors can measure pH values accurately

39
Q

Example of a substance that has a pH value of 1

A

An example of a substance that has a pH value of 1 is hydrochloric acid

40
Q

Example of a substance that has a pH value of 2

A

An example of a substance that has a pH value of 2 is lemon juice

41
Q

Examples of substances that have a pH value of 3

A

Examples of substances that have a pH value of 3 are:

  1. Orange juice
  2. Vinegar
42
Q

Example of a substance that has a pH value of 5

A

An example of a substance that has a pH value of 5 is black coffee

43
Q

Example of a substance that has a pH value of 6

A

An example of a substance that has a pH value of 6 is rainwater

44
Q

Example of a substance that has a pH value of 7

A

An example of a substance that has a pH value of 7 is pure water

45
Q

Example of a substance that has a pH value of 8

A

An example of a substance that has a pH value of 8 is baking soda

46
Q

Examples of substances that have a pH value of 9

A

Examples of substances that have a pH value of 9 are:

  1. Milk of magnesia
  2. Soap
47
Q

Example of a substance that has a pH value of 12

A

An example of a substance that has a pH value of 12 is washing soda

48
Q

Examples of substances that have a pH value of 14

A

Examples of substances that have a pH value of 14 are:

  1. Oven cleaner
  2. Sodium hydroxide
49
Q

Alkalis are soluble hydroxides.

Their solutions are have a pH value of what?

A

Their solutions are have a pH value of more than 7

50
Q

Alkalis are soluble hydroxides.

Their solutions are have a pH value of more than 7, so what?

A

Their solutions are have a pH value of more than 7, so their solutions are alkaline

51
Q

Bases are substances that can neutralise acids and are proton (H+ ion) acceptors.
They are the what of a metal that will react with an acid?

A 
Bases are the:
1. Oxide
2. Hydroxide
Or,
3. Carbonate
of a metal that will react with an acid
52
Q

Bases are substances that can neutralise acids and are proton (H+ ion) acceptors.
They are the oxide, hydroxide or carbonate of a metal that will react with an acid, forming what?

A 
Bases are the:
1. Oxide
2. Hydroxide
Or,
3. Carbonate
of a metal that will react with an acid, forming a salt as 1 of the products
53
Q

Bases are substances that can neutralise acids and are proton (H+ ion) acceptors.
They are the oxide, hydroxide or carbonate of a metal that will react with an acid, forming a salt as 1 of the products.
Bases include what?

A

Bases include alkalis

54
Q

When acids are dissolved in water, its solution has a pH value of what?

A

When acids are dissolved in water, its solution has a pH value of less than 7

55
Q

All acids taste very sour, although many acids are what?

A

All acids taste very sour, although many acids are far too dangerous to put in your mouth

56
Q

Indicators are substances which change colour when you add them to acids and alkalis.
Litmus is a well-known indicator, red in acid and blue in alkali, but what?

A

Litmus is a well-known indicator:
1. Red in acid
2. Blue in alkali
,but there are many more

57
Q

You can use universal indicator to find the pH of a solution.
Universal indicator is a special indicator made from a number of dyes.
What does it do, as the pH changes?

A

Universal indicator turns a range of colours as the pH changes

58
Q

You use the pH scale to show how acidic or alkaline a solution is.
You can also use a pH meter, which has a what?

A

You can also use a pH meter, which has a glass probe attached to dip in the solution being tested

59
Q

You use the pH scale to show how acidic or alkaline a solution is.
You can also use a pH meter, which has a glass probe attached to dip in the solution being tested.
Some electronic pH sensors give a digital display of the pH directly.
Others can be what to monitor and record pH changes over time?

A

Others can be attached to data-loggers and computers to:
1. Monitor
2. Record
pH changes over time

GCSE Chemistry COPY (70 decks)

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