Cadivascular test

Question 1

what is cardiac output

Answer 1

the L/min that a ventricle pumps

Question 2

where does blood go from the right ventricle

Answer 2

pulmonary arteries/trunk

Question 3

What vessel brings back blood from the lungs

Answer 3

pulmonary veins

Question 4

Where do the pulmonary veins bring blood

Answer 4

the left atrium

Question 5

which is thicker left or right ventricle

Answer 5

left

Question 6

what is the name of the valve that separates the left atrium and ventricle

Answer 6

bicuspid valve, mitral valve

Question 7

what is the name of the valve that separates the right atrium and ventricle

Answer 7

tricuspid valve

Question 8

what is the name of the tendons that attach to the valves

Answer 8

chordae tendiane

Question 9

which muscles regulate the tension of the chordae tendinae

Answer 9

papillary muscle

Question 10

what is the name of the valve that separates the left ventricle from the aorta

Answer 10

aortic valve

Question 11

what is the name of the valve that separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery

Answer 11

pulmonary valve

Question 12

what are the two branches of the right coronary artery

Answer 12

marginal branch, posterior intraventricular branch

Question 13

what are the two branches of the left coronary artery

Answer 13

circumflex branch and anterior interventricular branch

Question 14

which coronary vein drains the anterior heart

Answer 14

great cardiac vein

Question 15

which coronary vein drains the posterior heart

Answer 15

middle cardiac vein

Question 16

where do the great cardiac vein and middle cardiac vein drain into

Answer 16

the coronary sinus

Question 17

where does the coronary sinus drain into

Answer 17

the right atrium

Question 18

characteristics of cardiac cells

Answer 18

branched striated fibers with one nuclei

Question 19

what is branching good for

Answer 19

allows the electrical impulse to travel in all directions

Question 20

what are gap junctions

Answer 20

small gaps in cardiac cells that allow for electrical impulses to travel to each cell

Question 21

where are gap junctions located

Answer 21

in intercalated discs

Question 22

what are the three types of cardiac cells

Answer 22

small autorhythimic, large, intermediate

Question 23

what cells are the av and sa nodes made out of

Answer 23

autorhythmic cells

Question 24

which cardiac cell is good for fast conduction of electrical signals and is distributed in the inner wall of ventricle

Answer 24

Large

Question 25

which type of cell comprises most of the heart muscle

Answer 25

intermiadte

Question 26

what is the name of the hearts pacemaker

Answer 26

SA node

Question 27

what does the p wave represent

Answer 27

atrial depolarization

Question 28

what does the PQ interval represent

Answer 28

conduction time for atrial to ventricular excitation

Question 29

what does the QRS complex represent

Answer 29

atrial repolarization ventricular depolarization

Question 30

what does the T wave represent

Answer 30

ventricular repolarization

Question 31

is the cardioaccelatory center sympathetic or parasympathetic

Answer 31

sympathetic

Question 32

is the cardio inhibitory center para or sympathetic

Answer 32

parasympathetic

Question 33

what do preganglionic neurons release

Answer 33

Ach

Question 34

what kind of receptor does ACH that is released from preganglionic neurons bind to

Answer 34

nicotinic

Question 35

what do post ganglionic neurons release

Answer 35

norepinephrine

Question 36

what does npe activate

Answer 36

beta 1 adrenergic receptors

Question 37

what does NE cause in SA and AV nodes

Answer 37

increase Na flux inwards, faster depolarization, steeper pacemaker potentials

Question 38

what do ANS postgang cells release onto the heart

Answer 38

AcH

Question 39

how does AcH affect membrane permeability

Answer 39

It increases K permeability out of the cells slowing the heart rate down.

Question 40

what is the capillary blood flow velocity

Answer 40

0.1 cm/sec

Question 41

where are continous capillaries found

Answer 41

lungs skeletal muscle connective tissue

Question 42

where are fenestrated capillaries found

Answer 42

kidneys endocrine glands small intestines

Question 43

where are sinusoidal capillaries found

Answer 43

liver spleen and bone marrow

Question 44

what is bulk flow

Answer 44

movement of fluid from a region of higher pressure to lower pressure

Question 45

which two forces pull blood out of capillaries

Answer 45

blood hydrostatic pressure and interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

Question 46

which two forces pull blood into capillaries

Answer 46

bcop and ifhp

Question 47

what are the two main forces that determine blood movement in and out of a capillary

Answer 47

BHP and BCOP

Question 48

where are high pressure baroreceptors located

Answer 48

in aortic arch and carotid sinus

Question 49

where are low pressure baroreceptors located

Answer 49

right atrium and vena cavae

Question 50

how do catecholamines affect blood pressure

Answer 50

higher hr and sv, vasoconstriction

Question 51

how does ADH effect the blood pressure

Answer 51

makes kidneys retain more water and widespread vasoconstriction

Question 52

how does AT II affect blood pressure

Answer 52

increase water and salt absorption and vasoconstriction

Question 53

How does ANP effect blood pressure

Answer 53

increases bp by vasodilation and promotes salt and water loss

Question 54

what are the granular leukocytes

Answer 54

neutrophils eonsiophils basophils

Question 55

what are the agranular leukocytes

Answer 55

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 56

which blood cells come from myeloid stem cells

Answer 56

rbc, platlete, eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil and monocyte

Question 57

which blood cells come from lymphoid stem cell

Answer 57

lymphocytes

Question 58

what is the normal range of hematocrit for females

Answer 58

38-46%

Question 59

what is the normal range of hematocrit for males

Answer 59

40-54%

Question 60

what does low hemocrit indicate

Answer 60

anemia

Question 61

what doe high hemocrit indicate

Answer 61

polycythemia

Question 62

what is erthrypoiesis

Answer 62

rbc formation

Question 63

where does RBC formation occur

Answer 63

red bone marrow

Question 64

steps of becoming a RBC

Answer 64

proerythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocytes, erythrocytes

Question 65

how does a neutrophil work

Answer 65

repsonds to bacteria, first one to show up

Question 66

which wbc relases histamine and attacks parasitic worms

Answer 66

eosinphil

Question 67

which wbc responds to allergens

Answer 67

basophils

Question 68

which wbc acts like a macrophage

Answer 68

monocyte

Question 69

define thrombus

Answer 69

a clot

Question 70

define thrombosis

Answer 70

clot formation

Question 71

define embolism

Answer 71

a circulating clot

Question 72

what hormone causes platelet formation

Answer 72

thrombopoietin