CALCIUM, PHOSPHATE, LACTATE, ANION GAP

Question 1

● Fifth most common element
● Most prevalent cation in the human body

Answer 1

Calcium

Question 2

what is the clotting factor of calcium

Answer 2

clot factor 4

Question 3

what is the enzyme in calcium

Answer 3

amylase

Question 4

what part has the largest total number of calcium

Answer 4

bone

Question 5

anions in calcium

Answer 5

citrate
bicarbonate
lactate

Question 6

protein in calcium

Answer 6

albumin

Question 7

physiologically active form of calcium

Answer 7

free calcium

Question 8

specimens to be used in total calcium determination

Answer 8

Serum
Lithium heparin plasma

Question 8

why should we not use the EDTA, oxalate, or citrate in total calcium determination

Answer 8

falsely low result

Question 8

why must samples must be collected anaerobically, transported on ice, and stored at 4 degrees
Celsius

Answer 8

to prevent loss of carbon dioxide

Question 9

sample to be used for ionized calcium determination:

Answer 9

Heparinized plasma

Question 9

Do not use heparin in liquid form. Why?

Answer 9

falsely low

Question 10

reference method of calcium

Answer 10

atomic absorption spectrophotometry

Question 10

what sample to be used in urine calcium determination

Answer 10

24-hour urine sample acidified with 6mol/L hydrochloric acid

Question 10

how much acid is added for each 100mL urine

Answer 10

1mL

Question 11

current method of calcium

Answer 11

ion selective electrode

Question 12

dye binding methods

Answer 12

Ortho-cresolphthalein Complexone Method
Arsenazo III Dye Method

Question 13

calcium will bind to ,,, to form a ,,, color in ,,, solution, which is measured at near (absorbance)

Answer 13

ortho-cresolphthalein complexone
red
alkaline
580nm

Question 14

AIIIDM: calcium will bind to ,,, to form a ,,, measured at (absorbance)

Answer 14

Arsenazo III
calcium-indicator complex
650nm

Question 15

what method is when you add a chelating agent that binds in the calcium to change in color results

Answer 15

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid titration

Question 16

what certain dye solutions have a characteristic color in the presence of ionized calcium.

Answer 16

cal–red
calcein
ammonium purate
Eriochrome Black T

Question 17

what method?
calcium is first precipitated as calcium oxalate, converted to oxalic acid with sulfuric acid, and then measured by titration against potassium permanganate

Answer 17

Clark-Collip Precipitation method

Question 18

what is the first precipitated product of CCPM in calcium

Answer 18

calcium oxalate

Question 19

calcium oxalate reacts to sulfuric acid and it is converted into

Answer 19

oxalic acid

Question 20

oxalic acid is measured by titration against

Answer 20

potassium permanganate

Question 21

end color of CCPM

Answer 21

purple

Question 21

if sodium chloranilate is the reagent in calcium what will be the result

Answer 21

calcium chloranilate

Question 21

reagent in Ferro Ham Chloranilic Acid Precipitation

Answer 21

sodium chloranilate

Question 21

Excess chloranilic acid is removed by washing the precipitate with

Answer 21

isopropyl alcohol

Question 21

Precipitate in Ferro Ham Chloranilic Acid Precipitation is treated with ,,,, which chelates calcium and releases ,,, and produces a ,,, color

Answer 21

EDTA chloranilic acid purple

Question 22

Found everywhere in living cells (major intracellular anion) Inversely related to calcium

Answer 22

Phosphate

Question 23

Primarily inorganic phosphate, predominantly as clue: salts

Answer 23

hydroxyapatite calcium phosphate

Question 23

in phosphate what is present in rbc

Answer 23

2,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid

Question 24

PHOSPHATE: ○ present in the ECF in the form of inorganic phosphates ○ intracellularly in the soft tissues in the form of

Answer 24

organic phosphates

Question 25

specimens in phospate

Answer 25

Serum Lithium heparin plasma 24-hour urine

Question 25

what sample and anticoagulants can interfere with the analysis

Answer 25

lithium heparin plasma edta citrate oxalate

Question 25

why hemolysis should be avoided in phosphate

Answer 25

falsely high

Question 26

Circulating phosphate levels are subject to

Answer 26

circadian rhythm

Question 27

reducing agents of Fiske-Subbarow Method

Answer 27

pictol senidine ascorbic acid

Question 28

what inorganic salt in phosphate is measured by UV at 340 nm

Answer 28

ammonium phosphomolybdate complex

Question 29

normal end product of glucose metabolism

Answer 29

Pyruvate

Question 29

ammonium phosphomolybdate complex is measured by UV at 340 nm or can be reduced to ... and read between (absorbance)

Answer 29

molybdenum blue 600 and 700 nm

Question 30

Is a by-product of an emergency mechanism that produces a small amount of ATP when oxygen delivery is severely diminished

Answer 30

Lactate

Question 31

Specimens in lactate

Answer 31

plasma whole blood

Question 31

Conversion to lactate is activated when

Answer 31

deficiency of oxygen

Question 32

What is the end product of anaerobic glycolysis?

Answer 32

lactate

Question 33

sample that must be delivered on ice, and the plasma must be separated quickly

Answer 33

Heparinized plasma

Question 34

the Enzymatic Method of lactate uses ,,, to produce ,,, and ,,,

Answer 34

pyruvate hydrogen peroxide

Question 35

hydrogen donor

Answer 35

lactate

Question 36

Addition of ,,, and catalyzed by ,,, to form a ,,,

Answer 36

chromogen peroxidase peroxidase

Question 37

Useful in indicating an increase in one or more of the unmeasured anions in the serum As a form of quality control for the analyzer used to measure electrolytes

Answer 37

Anion Gap

Question 38

reference range of anion gap

Answer 38

10-20mmol/L