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T3 Systems :( > Cancer Classes 1-3 > Flashcards

Cancer Classes 1-3 Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

______ a term used to describe a large group of diseases that are characterized by cellular malfunction

A

cancer

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2
Q

which of the following are causes of cancer?

a) aging
b) environmental factors
c)chance
d) all of the above

A

d) all of the above

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3
Q

______ ______: cells are produced, they mature, then they die

A

cell proliferation

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4
Q

____ _____: process by which stem and progenitor cells evolve into specialized cells

A

cell differentiation

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5
Q

_____ ______: reduction of the number and size of parenchymal cells

A

cellular atrophy

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6
Q

_____ ______: increase in size of parenchymal cells

A

cellular hypertrophy

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7
Q

____ _______: increase in number of parenchymal cells (may be normal or normal)

A

cellular hyperplasia

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8
Q

_______: reversible adaptive changes in cell differentiation ( no mutations, only functional change)

A

metaplasia

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9
Q

_______: abnormal growth, may or may not develop into malignancy, can be high or low grade “pre-cancerous lesion”

A

dysplasia

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10
Q

high-grade dysplasia is aka ______ in ______

A

carcinoma in situ

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11
Q

another word for tumor is ______

A

neoplasm

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12
Q

T/F tumors can be parasitic on the nutritional and hormonal supplies of the host structure

A

true

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13
Q

_____: tumor growth or mass

A

neoplasia

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14
Q

neoplasms can be _____ or _____

A

benign or malignant

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15
Q

2 key characteristics that are exclusive to cancer are _____ & _____

A

metastasis & anaplasia

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16
Q

______: capacity of cells to leave one tissue area, migrate to distal sites and establish new populations of cells (the leading cause of death from cancer)

A

metastasis

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17
Q

T/F when cancer stays where it begins it is very treatable

A

true

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18
Q

T/F cancer cells are very responsive

A

false, they do whatever they want

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19
Q

cancer spreads from the original tumor by ___ mechanisms

a) 2
b)3
c) 4

A

c)4

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20
Q

T/F cancer can spread through body cavities

A

true (1/4 ways for it to spread)

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21
Q

progressive _____ local invasion of other nearby structures is one of 4 ways cancer spreads

A

direct

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22
Q

______ ______ is when cancer spreads to a different site via the bloodstream

A

hematogenous metastasis

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23
Q

_____ _____ is when cancer spreads to distant sites via the lymphatic system

A

lymphogenous metastasis

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24
Q

_______: mutations in cellular genetic makeup that make the cells more “stem cell-like” making them able to launch new populations of renegade cells like themselves

A

anaplasia

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25
T/F there are at least 6 stages of genetic mutation before metastasis
false, there are atleast 10
26
when taking a biopsy, they are looking for _____ as it is exclusive to cancer
anaplasia
27
T/F massage therapy promotes metastasis
false
28
the _____ - ______ mechanical theory of metastasis: the thought that manual therapy caused or promoted metastasis
1920-1930
29
stage one of metastasis is _____ _____
genetic mutation
30
the second stage of metastasis is _____ _____
cell shedding
31
the third stage of metastasis happens when cells leave the _____ tumor and move into the bloodstream or ____ channels
primary, lymph
32
T/F cancer cells are less likely to survive once separated from the primary tumor
true
33
the fourth stage of metastasis is _____ of shed cancer cells at a secondary site
implantation
34
_____ _____: when the cancer type determines metastasis
tissue affinity
35
T/F specific cancer types prefer specific environments
true
36
T/F some organs do not have the right growth factors for certain cancers
true
37
prostatic cancer secondary cells will set up in the ____ ____
low spine
38
T/F there is a relationship between the architecture of the vasculature system and cancer metastasis
false
39
when treating a cancer patient, be sure to promote ______ and reduce ____
relaxation, stress
40
when treating a cancer pt, optimize _______ healing
post surgical
41
when treating a cancer patient who has had surgery you want to ______ scar tissue fibres and make sure the scar tissue is _____
realign, mobile
42
something we want to maintain in all treatments is ______ and _____
mobility and function
43
T/F MX may help reduce the need for medications
true
44
MX will help promote better _____ of sleep
quality
45
mx can help decrease ______ and ______ in cancer patients
nausea and constipation
46
T/F mx can assist in decreasing symptoms of anxiety and depression
true
47
treating cancer patients allows them a sense of acceptance of their new body and reduction of _______ tendencies
disconnection
48
T/F being part of the palliative care team can increase quality of life, mobility and prevent/ detect bed sores
true
49
what would be the most effective way to treat localized cancer?
removal surgery
50
______ surgery improves shape or tissue damage of the area that has been affected
reconstructive
51
______ surgery removes cell tissue from suspected tumors
diagnostic
52
_______ surgery is preventative surgery, surgeon removes tissue that has high risk of cancer cells i.e breast, ovary
prophylactic
53
_______is not a primary cancer therapy, relieving sources of pain/discomfort, taking place in the last stages of life
palliation
54
_____ surgery is to reduce the tumor load which means they have more than one tumor
debulking
55
____ ____: they take out a swatch of tissue, cell sample periphery or margin. If they do not see cancer cells in the sample they have a good sample
clear margin
56
what is the expected presentation of post surgical tissue?
SHARP signs
57
when can we start on-site treatment to a post-surgical incision? a) 1-3 weeks post-op b) ASAP c) only in the chronic stage of healing
b) ASAP
58
what are some usual post-surgical considerations/precautions for a patient with any recent surgical procedure?
trauma to the body, hygiene (incision), traction/ PROM, positioning
59
what are some absolute general contraindications for treating a post-op patient?
fever, septicemia, px unwillingness, unstable vital signs, certain drugs
60
_____ tissue is very delicate and cannot withstand pressure for the first 5 days
granulation tissue
61
a possible keloid scar can occur _____-_____ days into the healing process
7-10
62
T/F there will be more work to be done to the scar if you begin at the 4-6 week mark (in cases of the general population, not cancer patients)
true
63
T/F when doing scar work for cancer patients post-op it is much harder to follow a typical timeline
true
64
T/F you should wait about 3 weeks to begin manual scar work on a cancer patient however it varies from patient to patient
true
65
T/F if clear margins are achieved it is not a high level of concern for massage (pick and choose appropriate tech)
true
66
T/F if clear margins are NOT achieved it is still okay to treat as you normally would
False, this is a definite concern for massage and you should check in with their health care provider first
67
increased risk of coagulation problems in cancer patients depends on the cancer ____, and the ______ they are on
type, medications
68
T/F some cancer types promote clots and others promote haemorrhage/brusing
true
69
Post- op healing time frames in cancer patients will vary from very _____ to no healing at all, to _____ (a lot of unpredictability)
normal, hypertrophy
70
______ may be a factor in the post-op healing time of cancer patients
malnutrition
71
chemo and radiation post- op can ____ or completely stop healing; possibly even reverse it
delay
72
T/F extra structures may be removed during surgery to ensure success
true
73
issues with scars can cause ______ ROM
decreased
74
T/F we do not have to modify hydrotherapy for metal plates
false
75
being aware of ______ of the patient is important if they have an ostomy bag
positioning
76
T/F scar tissue from cancer surgery 10 years ago can release entrapped cancer cells in the tissue if applying frictions or other techniques
false

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