CNS Class 13 (Epilepsy)

Question 1

T/F epilepsy is one of the most common CNS disorders

Answer 1

true

Question 2

_____ a sudden onset, self limiting episode of physical or psychological dysfunction

Answer 2

seizure

Question 3

another word used in regards to a seizure is _____

Answer 3

ictal

Question 4

irritable or epileptogenic ______: a specific location in brain tissue (tumor, aneurysm etc.) which irritates neurons causing them to fire abnormally

Answer 4

focus

Question 5

T/F you can only have a seizure if you have epilepsy

Answer 5

false

Question 6

T/F patients normally only have one irritable focus

Answer 6

false

Question 7

an ______, is a sensory hallucination and in people with epilepsy it is classified as focal onset awareness

Answer 7

aura

Question 8

_____ ______ seizures are sometimes called warnings or auras because sometimes they can develop into another type of seizure

Answer 8

focal awareness

Question 9

TT/F every patient experiences the exact same aura as a warning sign

Answer 9

false

Question 10

T/F each person will normally have about 1 or 2 auras that are characteristic for them

Answer 10

true

Question 11

a _____ aura would include something like flashing lights

Answer 11

visual

Question 12

a ______ aura would include something like an unpleasant scent

Answer 12

smell

Question 13

a _____ aura would be something like a weird taste

Answer 13

taste

Question 14

T/F a typical aura for some epilepsy patients includes deja vu

Answer 14

true

Question 15

a ______ is a stimulus - usually sensory that produces abnormal brain activity

Answer 15

trigger

Question 16

sleep deprivation, fatigue, anxiety, hormonal changes, and overstimulation are all examples of:

Answer 16

triggers

Question 17

T/F 75% of seizures happen before 18

Answer 17

true

Question 18

50% of seizures are ______

Answer 18

idiopathic

Question 19

cerebral palsy, autism, learning disabilities like dyslexic and psychosis are all examples of disorders associated with ______

Answer 19

seizures

Question 20

at the histological level there is an ______ of excitatory and inhibitory neurochemistry

Answer 20

imbalance

Question 21

reduced _____ mediated inhibitory processes alter the sodium potassium

Answer 21

GABA

Question 22

Depolarized = _______
Repolarized = ________

Answer 22

firing, resting

Question 23

panic attacks, hypoglycemia, paroxysmal movement disorders and TIA’s are examples of things that are _______ as _______

Answer 23

misdiagnosed as epilepsy

Question 24

medications for seizures are used ___ term and most people need ____ kinds

Answer 24

long, two

Question 25

surgery is a _____ _____

Answer 25

last resort

Question 26

T/F there are many types of epileptic seizures

Answer 26

true

Question 27

the 3 major groups of seizure types includes _________ onset, ______ onset and _______ onset

Answer 27

generalized, focal and unknown

Question 28

some epilepsy causes in seniors includes certain prescription ______ _______, stroke, dementia, _______ and brain tumours

Answer 28

drug use, infections

Question 29

the most common cause of epilepsy worldwide is _________

Answer 29

infections

Question 30

infections causing epilepsy includes, ___, viral encephalitis, bacterial meningitis and ________

Answer 30

HIV, tuberculosis

Question 31

when depolarization is over _______ rushes back into the neuron

Answer 31

potassium

Question 32

at a histological level during a seizure, the shift in the balance of ______ and ______ neurochemistry set off intense spontaneous depolarizations

Answer 32

exctiatory and inhibitory

Question 33

Epilepsy is diagnosed using a ___

Answer 33

EEG (electroencephalogram)

Question 34

_______ seizures affect both sides of the brain or groups of cells on both sides of the brain at the same time

Answer 34

generalized

Question 35

_______ -________: formerly known as Grand Mal or convulsive seizures

Answer 35

tonic-clonic

Question 36

T/F in a tonic-clonic seizure, tonus begins first

Answer 36

true

Question 37

tonic-clonic seizures normally begin with an _____ for some people

Answer 37

aura

Question 38

T/F during a tonic-clonic seizure, one might bite their tongue

Answer 38

true

Question 39

_______ and incontinence may occur during a tonic clinic seizure

Answer 39

cyanosis

Question 40

consciousness returns _____ after a tonic-clonic seizure, afterward, the person may be ______ or irritable for up to 48 hours

Answer 40

slowly, sleepy

Question 41

the typical duration for a tonic-clonic seizure is ___-___ minutes

Answer 41

1- 3

Question 42

T/F tonic-clonic seizures are a very common seizure type and are one of the most dangerous/ subject to frequent complications

Answer 42

true

Question 43

an _____ seizure is formerly known as petit mal

Answer 43

absence

Question 44

a person stares into space or has a blank look, these symptoms describe an ______ seizure

Answer 44

absence

Question 45

absence seizures normally last less than ____ seconds but atypical ones may last upwards of ___ seconds

Answer 45

10,20

Question 46

T/F absence seizures can happen at any time, including during physical activity

Answer 46

True

Question 47

the most common age to experience absence seizures is ___-____

Answer 47

4-14

Question 48

T/F major symptoms follow an absence seizure

Answer 48

false

Question 49

______ or drop attacks/ drop seizures include part or all of the body becoming limp

Answer 49

atonic

Question 50

if standing during atonic seizure, the person usually ____ to the ____

Answer 50

falls to the ground

Question 51

atonic seizures normally last less than ___ seconds

Answer 51

15

Question 52

during ____ seizures people may get injured when they fall, head protection such as a helmet or other protective gear may be needed

Answer 52

atonic

Question 53

T/F atonic seizures begin in adulthood

Answer 53

false, they begin in childhood and MAY last into adult years

Question 54

a _____ seizure is a sudden,brief, jerky contraction usually causing abnormal movements BL

Answer 54

myoclonic

Question 55

T/F myoclonic seizures usually last 5-10 seconds

Answer 55

false, 1-2 seconds

Question 56

when a myoclonic seizure ends, the person usually _______ what they were doing before the seizure

Answer 56

continues

Question 57

T/F after a myoclonic seizure, the person is awake and able to think clearly

Answer 57

true

Question 58

____ onset seizure can start in one area or a group of cells in ONE side of the brain

Answer 58

focal

Question 59

__________ _______ seizures only occur on one side of the body; it progresses in a predictable pattern, from twitching or a tingling sensation and continuing down their entire body from head to toe

Answer 59

jacksonian march

Question 60

T/F jacksonian march seizures are extremely violent

Answer 60

false, they are generally brief and mild, no confusion afterwards

Question 61

_____ onset impaired awareness (formerly known as a psychomotor seizure)

Answer 61

focal

Question 62

a person feeling confused or with their awareness affected in some way; this is an example of,

Answer 62

focal onset impaired awareness

Question 63

T/F focal onset impaired awareness is usually seen in children

Answer 63

false, adults

Question 64

F.O.I.A may begin with ______ feelings or experiential hallucinations

Answer 64

strange

Question 65

duration of F.O.I.A is normally ___ seconds to ___ minutes

Answer 65

30, 2

Question 66

F.O.I.A may include ______ (Semicoordinated, repetitive motor activities that are associated with impaired awareness)

Answer 66

automatism

Question 67

lip-smacking movements, getting up and walking out the door and sleepwalking are all examples of _______

Answer 67

automatism

Question 68

T/F post ictal amnesia is typical during F.O.I.A

Answer 68

True

Question 69

_____ are a common occurrence with epilepsy, any seizures that involve loss of consciousness or spastic movements are especially risky

Answer 69

injuries

Question 70

______ ______ aka postictal paralysis; when a seizure is followed by a brief period of temporary paralysis

Answer 70

todd's paralysis

Question 71

T/F todds paralysis can last up to 36 hours

Answer 71

true

Question 72

_______ ________ occurs when a seizure lasts too long (greater than 5 minutes)

Answer 72

status epilepticus

Question 73

_____ ______ can occur in convulsive seizures, usually as a result of heart muscle dysthymia

Answer 73

cardiac arrest

Question 74

________ _______ is most often a result of airway blockage

Answer 74

respiratory arrest

Question 75

15-30% of individuals experience an increase in seizure activity while ________

Answer 75

pregnant

Question 76

As an RMT be sure to eliminate any potential ______ for epileptic patients

Answer 76

triggers

Question 77

if your patient begins to have a seizure, put them in the _____ position on the table or the floor

Answer 77

recovery