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CAPSULES Flashcards

1
Q

are solid dosage forms in which the medicinal agents and/or inert substances are enclosed in a small gelatin shell

A

CAPSULES

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2
Q

TWO TYPES OF CAPSULES

A

HARD GELATIN
SOFT GELATIN

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3
Q

used by community pharmacist in extemporaneous compounding of prescription

A

HARD GELATIN

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4
Q

commonly employed in clinical drug trials to compare investigational drug to another drug or a placebo

A

HARD GELATIN CAPSULES

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5
Q

Hard gelatin capsule consist of how many pieces of cylinders closed at one end

A

2 pcs

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6
Q

the shorter piece of a hard gelatin capsule

A

CAP

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7
Q

the cap of a capsule fits over the open end of longer piece called

A

BODY

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8
Q

added to make hard gelatin capsule opaque

A

TITANIUM DIOXIDE

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9
Q

components of capsule shell

3

A

gelatin
sugar
water

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10
Q

clear, colorless and essentially tasteless

A

empty capsule shells

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11
Q

colorant added to capsule shell

A

FD&C and D&C dyes

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12
Q
  • partial hydrolysis of collagen obtained from the skin, white connective tissue, and bones of animals
  • stable in air when dry, if moist - microbial decomposition
A

GELATIN

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13
Q

hard gelatin capsule contains ____ moisture

in %

A

13-16%

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14
Q

vegetarian capsules are made up of

A

HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE

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15
Q

if the capsule is placed in an environement of ____ and additional moisture is absorbed, it will be distorted and lose their rigid shape

A

HIGH HUMIDITY

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16
Q

if the capsule is placed in an environement of ____ , moisture present in the gelatin capsule is lost, it wil become brittle and crumble

A

EXTREME DRYNESS

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17
Q

added to protect product from moisture

A

DESSICANT

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18
Q

TYPES OF DESSICANT

3

A

dried silica gel
clay
activated charcoal

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19
Q

smallest capsule size

A

5

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20
Q

biggest capsule size for human

A

000

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21
Q

commonly used capsule size in veterinary

A

000

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22
Q

produce the proper capsule fill volume

examples: lactose, microcystalline cellulose and starch

A

DILUENT / FILLER

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23
Q

assist break-up and distribution of the capsule contents in the stomach

examples: pregelatinized starch, croscarmellose, sodium starch glycolate

A

DISINTEGRANTS

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24
Q

improve flow properties of powder mixture

examples: talc, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, stearic acid

A

LUBRICANTS / GLIDANTS

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25
example of **diluent / filler**
LACTOSE
25
example of **lubricants / glidants**
MAGNESIUM STEARATE
26
facilitates **wetting of powder** by the **GI fluids** | example: sodium lauryl sulfate
SURFACE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS
27
example of **surface active ingredients**
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE
28
used to **polish** or **clean** the capsule shell
GAUZE / CLOTH
29
adde to make the **soft gelatin** capsule **elastic** or **plastic like**
SORBITOL
30
**soft gelatin** capsule contain **more moisture** than hard gelatin capsule, thus, contains preservatives like | 2
METHYLPARABEN PROPYLPARABEN
31
why there is a preparation like **capsule in a capsule** or **tablet in a capsule**
to **separate chemically incompatible** agents or to **add** **premeasured** **amounts** of **potent** drug substances
32
**oldest** commercial process that **uses set of molds** to form capsules
PLATE PROCESS
33
* a **continuous** process * **two plasticized gelatin ribbons** are **continuously** and **simultaneously** fed with liquid or paste fill between the rollers of the rotary die mechanism
ROTATING DIE PROCESS
34
the **gelatin ribbons** are **fed between a set of vertical dies** that continually open and close to form rows of packets in gelatin ribbons
RECIPROCATING DIE PROCESS
35
packaging for dispensing **single dose** capsule
UNIT DOSE PACKAGING
36
packaging for dispensing **multiple dose** capsule
multiple dose packaging
37
capsule shell that are **not easily tampered** and **protected from premature opening** due to indentations
CONI-SNAP
38
**not suitable** for **filling into capsules** because they **absorb water present in a capsule shell** that makes the shell **very brittle** and **ultimately lead to crumble** into pieces
HYGROSCOPIC DRUGS
39
**STEPS** IN FILLING **HARD GELATIN** CAPSULE | 4
**develop** & **prepare** a formulation, **selecting** the capsule size **fill** the capsule **seal** the capsule **clean** & **polish** the capsule
40
**METHODS** IN FILLING **HARD GELATIN** CAPSULE | 2
Punch method Capsule Filling machine
41
**METHOD** IN FILLING **SOFT GELATIN** CAPSULE | 3
Plate process Rotary die process Reciprocating die process
42
**PREPARATION** THAT CAN FILL A **HARD GELATIN** CAPSULE | 5
Powder or Granulate Pellet mixture Paste Capsule Tablet
43
**PREPARATION** THAT CAN FILL A **SOFT GELATIN** CAPSULE | 4
Liquids Pasty materials Suspensions Dry fills
44
**LIQUID** THAT CAN BE **ENCAPSULATED** IN **SOFT GELATIN** CAPSULES | 3
water immiscible volatile & nonvolatile water miscible nonvolatile liquids water miscible & relatively nonvolatile
45
drug without API psychological effect
PLACEBO
46
**latin** name of capsule & its meaning
CAPSULA small container
47
**two piece capsules** are commonly referred to as
hard shell capsules
48
**one piece capsules** are commonly referred to as
soft shell capsules
49
* these capsules are **cellulose-based** * not made from animal by-products * no known potential health risks * consists of **hydroxypropyl methylcellulose** & water * **no preservatives** * **fast dissolving** and **easily digestible**
vegetarian capsule
50
gelatin is soluble in
hot water & warm gastric fluid
51
* a **noninvasive procedure** that entails the use of a **gamma ray-emitting radiotracer** incorporated into the formulation with a **gamma camera** coupled to a data recording system * track the **passage** of capsules and tablets through the gastrointestinal tract to **map their transit time** and **drug-release patterns**
GAMMA SCINTIGRAPHY
52
**STEPS** IN **PREPARING** **HARD GELATIN** CAPSULE | in order
dipping spinning drying stripping trimming joining
53
an example of a **lubricant/glidant** that is **waterproof**
MAGNESIUM STEARATE
54
on an industrial scale, ____ designed for **modified-release** drug delivery are also **commonly placed in capsule shells**
COATED PELLETS
55
these liquids that **do not interfere with the stability** of gelatin shells that may be placed in locking gelatin capsules to ensure retetntion of the liquid
FIXED OR VOLATILE OILS
56
**unsuitable for aqeuous liquids** because **water softens it** and then it will become **distorted**
GELATIN
57
**eutectic mixtures** or mixtures of agents that have a **propensity to liquefy** when admixed may be mixed with
DILUENT OR ABSORBENT
58
when filling a **small number of capsules** in the pharmacy, the pharmacist may use what method
PUNCH METHOD
59
a **very water soluble** and is used to **enhance the dissolution rate** of some drugs
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG)
60
capsule used to gain **best results** in filling hard gelatin capsules with **liquid**
SNAP LOCK CAPSULES
61
used in **sealing** capsules to make **distinctive-looking**
COLORED BAND OF GELATIN
62
a **process of sealing capsules** in which they **fuses** the capsule cap to the body through the **double wall thickness at their juncture**
HEAT-WELDING PROCESS
63
a sealing process of capsules where they **lower the melting point in the contact areas** of the capsule's cap and body and then **thermally bonds** the two parts **using low temperatures** uses what agent
LIQUID WETTING AGENT
64
**most** soft gelatin capsules are prepared by the
ROTARY DIE PROCESS
65
USP SPECIFICATIONS for capsules
must be **tight**, **well closed**, **light resistant**
66
66
USP for **content uniformity** of capsules
85 - 115%
67
what to do if **missed dose**
take the dose as soon as you remember it, but if it is near the next dose, just take the next dose

DOSAGE (19 decks)

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