SUPPOSITORIES

Question 1

• Solid dosage form in which one or more API’s are** dispersed** in a suitable base and molded into a suitable shape
• Are solid dosage forms intended for insertion into the body orifices where they melt, soften, or dissolve and exert localized or systemic effects

Answer 1

SUPPOSITORIES

Question 2

Suppositories used for nausea and vomiting

Answer 2

ONDANSETRON SUPPOSITORY

Question 3

Suppositories used for nausea, vomiting tranquilizers

Answer 3

PROCHLORPERAZINE SUPP
CHLORPROMAZINE SUPP

Question 4

Suppositories used for opioid analgesic

Answer 4

OXYMORPHONE SUPP

Question 5

Suppositories used for Migraine

Answer 5

ERGOTAMINE TARTRATE SUPP

Question 6

Suppositories used for NSAID

Answer 6

HYDROCORTISONE SUPP
MESALAMINE SUPP

Question 7

Suppositories used for Analgesic-antipyretic

Answer 7

OPIGESIC SUPP

PARACETAMOL

Question 8

Physiologic Factors affecting absorption of drugs from rectal suppositories

inside the body

Answer 8

circulation route
colonic contents
ph & lack of buffering capacity of the rectal fluids

Question 9

Physicochemical Factors affecting absorption of drugs from rectal suppositories

product that you are preparing

Answer 9

lipid water solubility
particle size
nature of the base

Question 10

• Drugs absorbed in the rectum bypass the first pass effect in the liver instead of being absorbed into the general circulation
• Lower hemorrhoidal veins surrounding the colon receive the absorbed drug and initiate its circulation throughout the body, bypassing the liver

Answer 10

CIRCULATION ROUTE

Question 11

receive the absorbed drug and initiate its circulation throughout the body, bypassing the liver.

Answer 11

LOWER HEMORRHOIDAL VEINS

Question 12

also assists in the absorption of rectally administered drugs

Answer 12

LYMPHATIC CIRCULATION

Question 13

Rectal fluids are essentially neutral in pH (7.2-7.4) and have no effective buffer capacity, the form in which the drug is administered will not generally be chemically changed by the rectal environment

Answer 13

pH & lack of buffering capacity

Question 14

Rectal fluids are essentially ____ in pH

Answer 14

NEUTRAL

Question 15

pH of rectal fluids

Answer 15

7.2 - 7.4

Question 16

• It is more effective for a drug to absorbed systematically in an empty rectum than from one that is distended with fecal
• Diarrhea, tissue dehydration can influence the rate and degree of absorption at the rectal site

Answer 16

COLONIC CONTENT

Question 17

• a lipophilic drug that is distributed in a fatty suppository base in low concentration has less of a tendency to escape to the surrounding aqueous fluid than does a hydrophilic substances in a fatty base.
• the more drug a base contains, the more drug will be available for absorption

Answer 17

LIPID WATER SOLUBILITY

Question 18

• Smaller particle size the more readily the dissolution of the particle and the greater chance for rapid absorption
• It is preferable to avoid a too fine particle size because of the high increase of the viscosity of the melted excipient that can result from the use of excessively small particles and possible difficulties in flow during production

Answer 18

PARTICLE SIZE

Question 19

• Base must be capable of melting, softening or dissolving to release its absorption
• If the base interacts with the drug to inhibit its release , drug reaction will be impaired or prevented
• If the base irritates the mucous membranes of the rectum, it may initiate a colonic response and prompt a bowel movement, eliminating the prospect of complete drug release and absorption

Answer 19

NATURE OF THE BASE

Question 20

Most frequently used for rectal suppositories

Answer 20

FATTY BASE

oleaginous

Question 21

3 classification of bases

Answer 21

FATTY OR OLEAGINOUS BASE
WATER SOLUBLE OR WATER MISCIBLE BASE
MISCELLANEOUS BASE

Question 22

Mixture of oleaginous and Water soluble and water miscible

Answer 22

MISCELLANEOUS BASE

Question 23

• Theobroma cacao
• Melts at 30-36°C
• Ideal rectal suppository base
• Disadvantage: bec of triglyceruide exhibit polymorphism=> crystals
• Must be slowly and evenly melted in water bath to avoid crystallization
• Phenol and chloral hydrate-lowers melting pt
• Cetyl esters wax (20%) or beeswax (4%) (product will not solidify anymore)

Answer 23

COCOA BUTTER

Question 24

most commonly used fatty or oleaginous base

Answer 24

COCOA BUTTER

Question 25

* triglycerides of **saturated** fatty acids (**lauric acid**) * triglycerites of saturated fatty acids C12-C18 with varied portion of corresponding partial glycerides)

Answer 25

WITEPSOL BASES

Question 26

Triglycerides **derived** from **coconut oil**

Answer 26

WECOBES BASES

Question 27

**Commercially available** triglycerides from palm, palm kernel, and coconut oils with **self emulsifying** glyceryl monostearate and polyoxyl stearate

Answer 27

FATTIBASE

Question 28

* Most frequently used in the preparation of **vaginal suppositories** * Gelatin (**20%**) glycerin (**70%**) Medication (**10%**) * Tends to **absorb** moisture, has **dehydrating effect** and **irritates** tissue upon insertion (moist prior to insertion)

Answer 28

GLYCERINATED GELATIN BASE

Question 29

components of **glycerinated gelatin base**

Answer 29

Gelatin (20%) glycerin (70%) Medication (10%)

Question 30

Gelatin (**60%**) glycerin (**20%**) Medication (**20%**)

Answer 30

URETHRAL SUPPOSITORIES

Question 31

* are **polymers** of ethylene oxide and water prepared to various chain lengths, molecular weighs and physical state. * Having average molecular weights of **300**, **400** and **600** clear, colorless liquids, while those with molecular weighs of 600-1000 are semisolids * **Do not melt at body temperature** but rather dissolved slowly in the body’s fluid * Do not leak from **orifices**

Answer 31

PEG SUPPOSITORIES

Question 32

**oldest** and **simplest** method, by **rolling** the suppository into the desired shape. The mass is then rolled into a **cylindrical rod** of desire length and diameter

Answer 32

MOLDING FROM A MELT

Question 33

**cold mass** of the base containing the drug is **compressed** into suppositories by using **compression** into the desired shape

Answer 33

COMPRESSION

Question 34

If **Glycerinated gelatin** will be used as the **base**. The mold should be **lubricated** with ______

Answer 34

MINERAL OIL

Question 35

If suppositories are stored in **extreme dryness** it may lose ____ and become

Answer 35

LOSE MOISTURE BECOME BRITTLE

Question 36

If suppositories are stored in **high humidity** it will **absorb moisture** and tends to become ____

Answer 36

SPONGY

Question 37

**Cocoa butter** should be stored inside the ____

Answer 37

REFRIGIRATOR

Question 38

**Glycerinated gelatin** should be placed in ____

Answer 38

CONTROLLED ROOM TEMPERATURE

Question 39

PEG should be placed in ____

Answer 39

USUAL ROOM TEMPERATURE

Question 40

A **single-use** medicated **transurethral system** for the delivery of alprostadil to the **male urethra** * Treatment of Erectile dysfunction

Answer 40

MUSE

Question 41

* Adv: **easy** to manufacture; **more stable**; **less messy** * Usually **ovoid** packed **with inserter** * Prepared by **tablet compression** * **Lactose** - filler/diluent * **Starch** - disintegrant * **Polyvinylpyrrolidone** - Dispersing agent * **Magnesium Stearate** - lubricant

Answer 41

VAGINAL INSERTS

Question 42

more preferred than vaginal suppositories

Answer 42

VAGINAL INSERTS / VAGINAL TABLET

Question 43

* Administering **topical** drugs * **Cylindrical** in shape ranging from 5 to 25g * Packed in an **applicator tube** for topical administration and the applicator can be **adjusted** to continually exposed new fresh sticks How to prepare: * Same as preparing supp except that melt is **poured** into the **administering device** or tube * Local anesthetics, sunscreens, oncology products, antiviral and antibiotics

Answer 43

MEDICATION STICKS

Question 44

**Opaque** bases inclues

Answer 44

WAXES OILS PEGS

Question 45

**Clear** bases included

Answer 45

SODIUM STEARATE GLYCERIN

Question 46

# SIZE Rectal (adult)

Answer 46

32mm (1.5 in)

Question 47

# SIZE Rectal (**infant** and **children**)

Answer 47

16mm

Question 48

# SIZE URETHRAL MALE

Answer 48

3 - 6 mm

Question 49

other name for **vaginal** suppositories

Answer 49

PESSARIES

Question 50

other name for **urethral male supp**

Answer 50

BOUGIES

Question 51

# WEIGHT Rectal (**adult**)

Answer 51

2g

Question 52

# WEIGHT Rectal (**infant** and **children**)

Answer 52

1g

Question 53

# WEIGHT Vaginal

Answer 53

5g

Question 54

# WEIGHT Urethral Male

Answer 54

4g

Question 55

**long**, **cylindrical**, one or both ends **tapered**

Answer 55

RECTAL ADULT

Question 56

**pencil-like** shape

Answer 56

RECTAL INFANT & CHILDREN

Question 57

**globular**, **oviform**, or **cone** shape

Answer 57

VAGINAL

Question 58

**slender**, **pencil-shaped**

Answer 58

URETHRAL MALE & FEMALE

Question 59

# SIZE Urethral Female

Answer 59

70mm

Question 60

# WEIGHT URETHRAL MALE

Answer 60

4g

Question 61

# WEIGHT URETHRAL FEMALE

Answer 61

2g

Question 62

Latin name for suppositories

Answer 62

SUPPONERE

Question 63

***supponere*** means

Answer 63

TO PLACE UNDER

Question 64

**avoiding** the **breakdown** of certain drugs that are susceptible to

Answer 64

GASTRIC DEGRADATION

Question 65

the ____ of the **rectum** and **vagina** **permits the absorption** of many soluble drugs

Answer 65

MUCOUS MEMBRANE