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MODIFIED RELEASE Flashcards

1
Q

Used to describe dosage forms having drug release features based on; time, course, location that are designed to accomplish therapeutic

A

MODIFIED RELEASE

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2
Q
  • Dosage form allows a reduction in dosing frequency
  • drug is released slowly
A

EXTENDED RELEASE

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3
Q
  • Release the drug from the dosage form at a time other than promptly after administration
  • enteric coated
A

DELAYED RELEASE

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4
Q

Contain two doses of medication, one for immediate release and the second for delayed release

A

repeat action

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5
Q

The release of a drug from an oral dosage form may be intentionally delayed until it reaches the intestines for several reasons

A
  1. protect drug from gastric fluids
  2. reduce gastric distress
  3. facilitate GI transit
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6
Q

use for coating enteric coated tablets (5)

A

fats
fatty acids
waxes
shellac
cellulose acetate phthalate

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7
Q

breaking down in the less acidic environment of the intestine

A

pH dependent

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8
Q

eroding by moisture over time during gastrointestinal transit

A

time dependent

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9
Q

deteriorating as a result of the hydrolysis-catalyzing action of intestinal enzymes

A

enzyme dependent

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10
Q

tablet’s outer shell or coating

A

immediate release

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11
Q

tablet’s inner core separated by a slowly permeable barrier coating

A

second release

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12
Q

Drug from the inner core is exposed to body fluids and release ____ hours after administration

A

4 - 6 hours

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13
Q

Repeat action dosage forms are best suited for the treatment of ____ conditions requiring repeated dosing

A

chronic

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14
Q

The drugs utilized should have ____ dosage and fairly rapid rates of ____ and ____.

A

low
absorption
excretion

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15
Q

Drug release directed toward isolating or concentrating a drug in a body region, tissue, or site for absorption or for drug action

A

targeted release

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16
Q

The drug is distributed into beads, pellets, granules or other particulate system

A

coated beads, granules, and microspheres

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17
Q

COATED BEADS, GRANULES AND MICROSPHERES

Drug is coated onto inert beads (____, ____ or -
____)

A

starch
sugar
microcrystalline cellulose

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18
Q

COATED BEADS, GRANULES AND MICROSPHERES

Then, the beads are coated with a lipid material (____, ____, ____ or ____)

A

beeswax
carnauba wax
glyceryl monostearate
cetyl alcohol

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19
Q

COATED BEADS, GRANULES AND MICROSPHERES

Then, the beads are coated with a cellulosic material like ____

A

ethylcellulose

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20
Q

COATED BEADS, GRANULES AND MICROSPHERES

Granules will be placed in ____ or ____

A

capsules or tablets

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21
Q

COATED BEADS, GRANULES AND MICROSPHERES

are also used as coating material such as ethyl cellulose and plasticizer

A

aqueous coating systems

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22
Q

COATED BEADS, GRANULES AND MICROSPHERES

The thicker the coat the more ____ top penetration more delay on drug release and dissolution

A

more resistant

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23
Q
  • Small spheroid compressing tablets 3 to 4 mm in diameter
  • Placed in gelatin capsule shell to provide the desired pattern of drug release
  • Each capsule contain 8 to 10 mini tablets
  • Uncoated for immediate release and other coated for extended release
A

multitablet system

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24
Q

MULTITABLET SYSTEM

size in diameter

A

3 to 4 mm

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25
# **MULTITABLET SYSTEM** **each capsule** contain ____ to ____ **mini tablets**
8 - 10
26
# **MULTITABLET SYSTEM** ____ fro **immediate** release
uncoated
27
# **MULTITABLET SYSTEM** ____ for **extended** release
other coated
28
# **MULTITABLET SYSTEM** ____ **does not have coating**
first two tablets | in 8-10 minitabs
29
Solids, liquids, or even gases may be **ENCLOSED** into **MICROSCOPIC-SIZE PARTICLES**, through the formation of t**hin coatings of “wall”** materials around the substance . * Advantage The administered drug dose is **subdivided** into **small units spread over a large area of the GIT**, **enhance absorption** by diminishing local drug concentration)
microencapsulation
30
# **MICROENCAPSULATION** example of **wall forming** materials
gelatin polyvinyl alcohol ethylcellulose polyvinyl chloride
31
# **MICROENCAPSULATION** The **"wall" material** (e.g. gelatin) is ____
first dissolved in water
32
# **MICROENCAPSULATION** To this is added the **material to be encapsulated**, and then a **second material**, usually ____, is added to concentrate the gelatin into **tiny liquid droplets**
acacia
33
tablet that **comes out** of **tableting machine**
compressed tab
34
Drug granules are made with a material (**lipid** or **cellulosic**) which **slowly erodes** in **body fluids**, thus resulting in **granules** which p**rogressively release the drug for absorption.**
EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM
35
# **EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM** **Combination** of **drug granules** and **drug-excipient granules** provide ____ action.
EXTENDED RELEASE
36
# **EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM** The **granules** may be ____ or formulated as a ____.
TABLETED, CAPSULE
37
# **EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM** **commonly used** as the **excipient base** in tablet matrix system
HYDROPHILIC CELLULOSE POLYMERS
38
# **EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM** In the **body**, the **tablet** (or **capsule** material) is **wetted** and the **polymer forms** a ____ **around the tablet**.
GEL LAYER
39
# **EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM** the **drug** ____ through the **gel layer**
diffuses
40
# **EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM** the ____ gel layer becomes **completely hydrated**
outer
41
# **EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM** the **outer gel layer erodes** and a ____ will **form** with any polymer still **remaining** in the tablet
new gel layer
42
**Embedding** drug in an **INERT PLASTIC MATRIX** such as ____, ____, or ____
polyethylene polyvinyl acetate polymethacrylate
43
* Drug is **slowly released** from the **plastic matrix** by **leaching** into the body fluids * The granulation is **compressed** into tablet, the **immediate release** portion **at the surface** of the tablet. * Examples: **Ferro-Gradumet iron supplement**
EMBEDDING DRUG IN INERT PLASTIC MATRIX
44
# **EMBEDDING DRUG IN INERT PLASTIC MATRIX** The **granulation** is compressed into
TABELT
45
# **EMBEDDING DRUG IN INERT PLASTIC MATRIX** the i**mmediate release portion** at the ____ of the tablet
surface
46
* Drug substances are **combined** with other **chemical agent** to form **complexes** that may be only **slowly soluble** in **body fluids** * The **slow dissolution** provides the **extended release** of the drug * **liquid** preparations only * Example: **Rynatan** (Chlorpheniramine and phenylephrine) antihistamine
COMPLEX FORMATION
47
**Ferro-Gradumet** iron supplement
EMBEDDING DRUG IN INERT PLASTIC MATRIX
48
**Rynatan** (Chlorpheniramine and phenylephrine) **antihistamine**
COMPLEX FORMATION
49
* A **complex** of **resin-drug** is formed; **tabletted**, **encapsulated** or **suspended** in an aqueous vehicle * The **release** of the drug is **dependent** upon the **pH** and the **electrolyte concentration** in the GIT * Examples: **Hydrocodone polistirex** and **chlorpheniramine polistirie** suspension (**Tussionex** **Pennkinetic** Extended Release Suspension) **cough preparation** **Phentermine Resin Capsule**s (**Ionamine**) **weight loss**
ION EXCHANGE RESINS
50
RYNATAN
ANTIHISTAMINE
51
FERRO GRADUMET
IRON SUPPLEMENT
52
**Hydrocodone** polistirex and chlorpheniramine polistirie suspension (Tussionex **Pennkinetic** Extended Release Suspension) cough preparation **Phentermine** Resin Capsules (Ionamine) weight loss
ION EXCHANGE RESIN
53
**Pennkinetic** Extended Release Suspension
cough
54
**Phentermine** Resin Capsules (Ionamine)
weight loss
55
pioneer **oral osmotic pump** delivery system
OROS SYSTEM
56
Composed of a **core tablet** surrounded by a **semi-permeable membrane coating** having a ”**hole**.” * Core tablet: (1) “ACTIVE” layer – containing the drug (2) “PUSH” layer – containing the polymeric osmotic agent
OSMOTICALLY CONTROLLED SYSTEMS
57
# **OSMOTICALLY CONTROLLED SYSTEMS** containing the **drug**
ACTIVE LAYER
58
# **OSMOTICALLY CONTROLLED SYSTEMS** containing the **polymeric osmotic agent**
PUSH LAYER
59
# **OSMOTICALLY CONTROLLED SYSTEMS** the **hole** is produced by
laser beam
60
**Ocular Pilocarpine** therapeutic system which releases medication over a **7-day period** in the treatment of **glaucoma** | common in **diabetic** patients
ocusert
61
Inserts for for the treatment of **dry eyes**
lacrisert
62
inserts that contains **dinoprostone** for the **induction of labor**
cervidil vaginal insert
63
Inserts that contains **progesterone** used to **assist reproduction**
crinone gel
64
**Vaginal ring** containing **estradiol** for the treatment of **urogenital symptoms** associated with **postmenopausal atrophy** of the vagina
estring
65
Solid dosage form designed to be **inserted under the skin** by **special injectors** or by** surgical incisions**
implants
66
Implants that contains **goserelin acetate** for the treatment of **advanced prostatic cancer**
zoladex
67
Implants that contains **levonorgestrel** that provides up to **5 years contraception**
norplant system
68
**long lasting effect** preparations
depo

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