MODIFIED RELEASE Flashcards by CHESKA CIANNELLE FRANCISCO

Q

Used to describe dosage forms having drug release features based on; time, course, location that are designed to accomplish therapeutic

A

MODIFIED RELEASE

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Dosage form allows a reduction in dosing frequency
drug is released slowly

A

EXTENDED RELEASE

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Release the drug from the dosage form at a time other than promptly after administration
enteric coated

A

DELAYED RELEASE

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Contain two doses of medication, one for immediate release and the second for delayed release

A

repeat action

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

The release of a drug from an oral dosage form may be intentionally delayed until it reaches the intestines for several reasons

A

protect drug from gastric fluids
reduce gastric distress
facilitate GI transit

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

use for coating enteric coated tablets (5)

A

fats
fatty acids
waxes
shellac
cellulose acetate phthalate

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

breaking down in the less acidic environment of the intestine

A

pH dependent

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

eroding by moisture over time during gastrointestinal transit

A

time dependent

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

deteriorating as a result of the hydrolysis-catalyzing action of intestinal enzymes

A

enzyme dependent

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

tablet’s outer shell or coating

A

immediate release

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

tablet’s inner core separated by a slowly permeable barrier coating

A

second release

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Drug from the inner core is exposed to body fluids and release ____ hours after administration

A

4 - 6 hours

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Repeat action dosage forms are best suited for the treatment of ____ conditions requiring repeated dosing

A

chronic

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

The drugs utilized should have ____ dosage and fairly rapid rates of ____ and ____.

A

low
absorption
excretion

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Drug release directed toward isolating or concentrating a drug in a body region, tissue, or site for absorption or for drug action

A

targeted release

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

The drug is distributed into beads, pellets, granules or other particulate system

A

coated beads, granules, and microspheres

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

COATED BEADS, GRANULES AND MICROSPHERES

Drug is coated onto inert beads (____, ____ or -
____)

A

starch
sugar
microcrystalline cellulose

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

COATED BEADS, GRANULES AND MICROSPHERES

Then, the beads are coated with a lipid material (____, ____, ____ or ____)

A

beeswax
carnauba wax
glyceryl monostearate
cetyl alcohol

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

COATED BEADS, GRANULES AND MICROSPHERES

Then, the beads are coated with a cellulosic material like ____

A

ethylcellulose

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

COATED BEADS, GRANULES AND MICROSPHERES

Granules will be placed in ____ or ____

A

capsules or tablets

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

COATED BEADS, GRANULES AND MICROSPHERES

are also used as coating material such as ethyl cellulose and plasticizer

A

aqueous coating systems

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

COATED BEADS, GRANULES AND MICROSPHERES

The thicker the coat the more ____ top penetration more delay on drug release and dissolution

A

more resistant

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Small spheroid compressing tablets 3 to 4 mm in diameter
Placed in gelatin capsule shell to provide the desired pattern of drug release
Each capsule contain 8 to 10 mini tablets
Uncoated for immediate release and other coated for extended release

A

multitablet system

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

MULTITABLET SYSTEM

size in diameter

A

3 to 4 mm

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

# **MULTITABLET SYSTEM** **each capsule** contain ____ to ____ **mini tablets**

8 - 10

# **MULTITABLET SYSTEM** ____ fro **immediate** release

uncoated

# **MULTITABLET SYSTEM** ____ for **extended** release

other coated

# **MULTITABLET SYSTEM** ____ **does not have coating**

first two tablets | in 8-10 minitabs

Solids, liquids, or even gases may be **ENCLOSED** into **MICROSCOPIC-SIZE PARTICLES**, through the formation of t**hin coatings of “wall”** materials around the substance . * Advantage The administered drug dose is **subdivided** into **small units spread over a large area of the GIT**, **enhance absorption** by diminishing local drug concentration)

microencapsulation

# **MICROENCAPSULATION** example of **wall forming** materials

gelatin polyvinyl alcohol ethylcellulose polyvinyl chloride

# **MICROENCAPSULATION** The **"wall" material** (e.g. gelatin) is ____

first dissolved in water

# **MICROENCAPSULATION** To this is added the **material to be encapsulated**, and then a **second material**, usually ____, is added to concentrate the gelatin into **tiny liquid droplets**

acacia

tablet that **comes out** of **tableting machine**

compressed tab

Drug granules are made with a material (**lipid** or **cellulosic**) which **slowly erodes** in **body fluids**, thus resulting in **granules** which p**rogressively release the drug for absorption.**

EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM

# **EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM** **Combination** of **drug granules** and **drug-excipient granules** provide ____ action.

EXTENDED RELEASE

# **EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM** The **granules** may be ____ or formulated as a ____.

TABLETED, CAPSULE

# **EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM** **commonly used** as the **excipient base** in tablet matrix system

HYDROPHILIC CELLULOSE POLYMERS

# **EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM** In the **body**, the **tablet** (or **capsule** material) is **wetted** and the **polymer forms** a ____ **around the tablet**.

GEL LAYER

# **EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM** the **drug** ____ through the **gel layer**

diffuses

# **EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM** the ____ gel layer becomes **completely hydrated**

outer

# **EMBEDDING DRUG IN SLOWLY ERODING OR HYDROPHILIC MATRIX SYSTEM** the **outer gel layer erodes** and a ____ will **form** with any polymer still **remaining** in the tablet

new gel layer

**Embedding** drug in an **INERT PLASTIC MATRIX** such as ____, ____, or ____

polyethylene polyvinyl acetate polymethacrylate

* Drug is **slowly released** from the **plastic matrix** by **leaching** into the body fluids * The granulation is **compressed** into tablet, the **immediate release** portion **at the surface** of the tablet. * Examples: **Ferro-Gradumet iron supplement**

EMBEDDING DRUG IN INERT PLASTIC MATRIX

# **EMBEDDING DRUG IN INERT PLASTIC MATRIX** The **granulation** is compressed into

TABELT

# **EMBEDDING DRUG IN INERT PLASTIC MATRIX** the i**mmediate release portion** at the ____ of the tablet

surface

* Drug substances are **combined** with other **chemical agent** to form **complexes** that may be only **slowly soluble** in **body fluids** * The **slow dissolution** provides the **extended release** of the drug * **liquid** preparations only * Example: **Rynatan** (Chlorpheniramine and phenylephrine) antihistamine

COMPLEX FORMATION

**Ferro-Gradumet** iron supplement

EMBEDDING DRUG IN INERT PLASTIC MATRIX

**Rynatan** (Chlorpheniramine and phenylephrine) **antihistamine**

COMPLEX FORMATION

* A **complex** of **resin-drug** is formed; **tabletted**, **encapsulated** or **suspended** in an aqueous vehicle * The **release** of the drug is **dependent** upon the **pH** and the **electrolyte concentration** in the GIT * Examples: **Hydrocodone polistirex** and **chlorpheniramine polistirie** suspension (**Tussionex** **Pennkinetic** Extended Release Suspension) **cough preparation** **Phentermine Resin Capsule**s (**Ionamine**) **weight loss**

ION EXCHANGE RESINS

RYNATAN

ANTIHISTAMINE

FERRO GRADUMET

IRON SUPPLEMENT

**Hydrocodone** polistirex and chlorpheniramine polistirie suspension (Tussionex **Pennkinetic** Extended Release Suspension) cough preparation **Phentermine** Resin Capsules (Ionamine) weight loss

ION EXCHANGE RESIN

**Pennkinetic** Extended Release Suspension

cough

**Phentermine** Resin Capsules (Ionamine)

weight loss

pioneer **oral osmotic pump** delivery system

OROS SYSTEM

Composed of a **core tablet** surrounded by a **semi-permeable membrane coating** having a ”**hole**.” * Core tablet: (1) “ACTIVE” layer – containing the drug (2) “PUSH” layer – containing the polymeric osmotic agent

OSMOTICALLY CONTROLLED SYSTEMS

# **OSMOTICALLY CONTROLLED SYSTEMS** containing the **drug**

ACTIVE LAYER

# **OSMOTICALLY CONTROLLED SYSTEMS** containing the **polymeric osmotic agent**

PUSH LAYER

# **OSMOTICALLY CONTROLLED SYSTEMS** the **hole** is produced by

laser beam

**Ocular Pilocarpine** therapeutic system which releases medication over a **7-day period** in the treatment of **glaucoma** | common in **diabetic** patients

ocusert

Inserts for for the treatment of **dry eyes**

lacrisert

inserts that contains **dinoprostone** for the **induction of labor**

cervidil vaginal insert

Inserts that contains **progesterone** used to **assist reproduction**

crinone gel

**Vaginal ring** containing **estradiol** for the treatment of **urogenital symptoms** associated with **postmenopausal atrophy** of the vagina

estring

Solid dosage form designed to be **inserted under the skin** by **special injectors** or by** surgical incisions**

implants

Implants that contains **goserelin acetate** for the treatment of **advanced prostatic cancer**

zoladex

Implants that contains **levonorgestrel** that provides up to **5 years contraception**

norplant system

**long lasting effect** preparations

depo