Carbohydrates Flashcards Preview

BIOL 141 > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Flashcards in Carbohydrates Deck (19)
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1
Q

What are carbohydrates used for?

A
  1. cell identity
  2. store energy
  3. structural molecules
  4. building blocks for other biomolecules
2
Q

Why do lipids store energy better than carbs bonds?

A

Lipids contain long chains of C-H bonds that store a lot of potential energy

3
Q

Relationship between glucose and galactose

A

they are both hexoses (6 carbons)

they are conformational isomers of each other on the 4’

4
Q

What types of structures are sugars found in?

A

linear and ring structure

5
Q

What is the importance of the 1’ carbon

A

the position of the -OH group determines if it is alpha or beta and controls the dissacharides bond properties

6
Q

Alpha

A

1’ hydroxl group is facing downwards

results in a kinked polymer

this is good to store energy since they are easy to break

7
Q

Beta

A

1’ hydroxl group is facing upwards

results in a straight polymer

this is hard to break and therefore is used for cell walls and shells

8
Q

Starch vs. glycogen

A

Starch is less branched and found in plants

Glycogen is more branched and found in animals

9
Q

Why do animals select for glycogen over starch?

A

since animals do not have photosynthesis, they need more surface area to store more energy

10
Q

Glycosidic linkage

A

analogous to the peptide bond in amino acids

and the phosphodiester bond in nucleic acids

formed due to a condensation reaction

11
Q

Examples of polysaccrarides?

A

starch and glycogen

12
Q

Starch and glycogen similarities

A

both are polysaccarides that store energy due to their alpha conformation

13
Q

Chitin, cellulose, and petidoglycan

A

all made of beta conformations that make them good for cell walls and exoskeletons

14
Q

Chitin

A

used for structural support in the cell walls of fungi

used for external skeletons of insects and crusteaceans

15
Q

Petidoglycan

A

used for structural support in bacteria cell walls

16
Q

Cellulose

A

used for structural support in plant cell walls

17
Q

glycoprotein

A

used to indetify the cell

sugar tag embedded in the cell membrane

18
Q

Does NADH or ATP have more potential energy?

A

NADH

19
Q

Does glucose or glycogen have more potential energy?

A

Glycogen