Carbon Flashcards
(31 cards)
Organic Chemistry
Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain carbon, regardless of origin
Stanley Miller Experiment
This experiment demonstrated the abiotic synthesis of organic compounds
Experiments support the idea that abiotic synthesis of organic compounds, perhaps near volcanoes, could have been a stage in the origin of life. Experiments simulated life to answer these questions:
could science explain life?
how can I prove life started on early earth?
They simulated life and left the experiment for a decade, and amino acids formed.
It supported the hypothesis that life originated spontaneously from inorganic compounds reacting with early earth conditions by showing how it could of happened.
He put in C, H, O, N, S, and P
What can carbon form bonds with?
it can form four bonds
Why is carbon so special?
It has four valence electrons and makes covalent bonds with almost everything because it is right in the mi
Structure of Methane
CH4
Structure of Ethane
C2H6
Structure of Ethene
C2H4
4 different ways Carbon can bond
- Length
- Branching
- Double Bond Position
- presence of rings
Hydrocarbons
organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons Function
release a lot of energy
Isomers
compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties
Structural Isomers
have different covalent arrangements of their atoms
Cis-trans isomers
have the same covalent bonds but differ in their spatial arrangements. must have double bonds.
Enantiomers
are isomers that are mirror images
of each other
Do differences in Enantiomers matter?
Two may have differing effects. This demonstrates that organisms are sensitive to even subtle variations in molecules
What are the distinctive properties of organic molecules?
It depends on the carbon skeleton and on the chemical groups attached to it
A number of characteristic/chemical groups can replace the hydrogens attached to skeletons of organic molecules
Estradiol and testosterone relation
Estradiol and testosterone are both steroids with a common carbon skeleton, in the form of four fused rings
These sex hormones differ only in the chemical groups attached to the rings of the carbon skeleton
Functional Groups
Functional groups are the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions. The number and arrangement of functional groups give each molecule its unique properties.
What are the seven functional groups?
Hydroxyl group
Carbonyl group
Carboxyl group
Amino group
Sulfhydryl group
Phosphate group
Methyl group
Hydroxyl Group (Formula, Compound name, and characteristics)
(-OH)
Polar due to electronegative oxygen. Forms hydrogen bonds with water.
Compound name: Alcohol
Carbonyl Group
( C ═ O)
Compound name: Ketone or aldehyde
Ketoses
- Sugars with ketone groups are called ketoses
Adloses
Sugars with aldehydes
are called aldoses
Carboxyl Group
(—COOH)
- Acts as an acid.
Compound name: Carboxylic acid, or organic acid
