cardiac anatomy

Question 1

name 8 things located in the superior mediastnum

Answer 1

sympathetic trunk
arch of aorta
trachea
vagus and phrenic nerve
superior vena cava
thoracic duct
thymus
oesophagus

Question 2

name 3 things in the anterior mediastinum

Answer 2

thymus
lymph nodes
internal thoracic vessels

Question 3

name 5 things in the middle mediastinum

Answer 3

pericardium
heart
phrenic nerves
origin of great vessels
trachea bification

Question 4

name 6 things in posterior mediastinum

Answer 4

vagus nerve
thoracic aorta
thoracic duct
oesophagus
azygous system
sympathetic trunk

Question 5

what vein runs through the posterior medistinum

Answer 5

azygous vein

Question 6

what veins drain into the azygous veins

Answer 6

intercostal veins

Question 7

what is the purpose of the pericardium

Answer 7

lubrication
prevents overfilling
fixes the heart
protects from infection

Question 8

what nerve runs close to the anterior pericardium

Answer 8

phrenic nerve

Question 9

where are the nerve roots of the phrenic nerve (landmark)

Answer 9

c3-c5

Question 10

what muscle does the phrenic nerve innervate

Answer 10

keeps the diaphragm alive

Question 11

what structure does the left vagus nerve travel with as it passes through the diaphgram

Answer 11

the oesophagus

Question 12

what is the posterior boundary of the anterior mediastinum

Answer 12

pericardium

Question 13

what are azygous veins

Answer 13

veins that drain blood from the intercostal veins

Question 14

what does the azygos system contain

Answer 14

azygous vein
hemi-azygous
accessory semi-azygous

Question 15

how does the azygous system sit in a body (landmark)

Answer 15

on the right of the lower 12 thoracic vertebral bodyies

Question 16

what major vein does the azygous vein drain into

Answer 16

superior vena cava

Question 17

where is the aorta positioned for protection

Answer 17

left side of the vertebral bodies (as hearts on left)

Question 18

where is the thoracic duct positioned in the body

Answer 18

medially to the aorta

Question 19

where does the thoracic duct depsit the lymphs

Answer 19

in the left venous angle (where left subclavian and jugular vein fuse)

Question 20

what part of the pharynx does the oesophagus start at

Answer 20

laryngpharynx

Question 21

where does the oesophagus lie in relation to the aorta

Answer 21

anterior

Question 22

how is the parasympathetic system/ left and right vagus nerve positioned in the body

Answer 22

they are on either side of the oesophagus and go down to innervate the abdominal viscera

Question 23

what position in the mediastinum is the trachea/its bifurcation in

Answer 23

inferior-posterior mediastinum
at the sternal angle level

Question 24

what structure forms the inferior boundary of the inferior mediastinum

Answer 24

diaphragm

Question 25

the arch of the aota ascends from which chamber of the heart

Answer 25

left ventricle

Question 26

what are the names of the nerves that run anterior laterally to the heart

Answer 26

left and right phrenic nerves

Question 27

which structure in the anterior superior mediastinum is prominent in kids than adults

Answer 27

thymus

Question 28

what is the function of the thymus

Answer 28

part of the lymphatic system where lymphocytes mature into t-cells as we mature thymus gradually replaces with adipose tissue

Question 29

what are the 3 branches off the arch of the aorta

Answer 29

brachiocephalic left common coratid left subclavian

Question 30

what are the 2 main branches of the superior vena cava called

Answer 30

right and left branchiocephallic trunks (anterior to the branches of aorta)

Question 31

what body part does the superior vena cave drain

Answer 31

arms, neck, head and superior aspect of thorax

Question 32

what body part does the inferior vena cave drain

Answer 32

abdomen and abdominal organs and lower limbs

Question 33

how does the inferior vena cava drain the lower limbs

Answer 33

as the inferior vena canvas runs from the lower abdomen via the left and right iliac veins in pelviswhat

Question 34

what body part does the right subclavian artery provide blood to

Answer 34

right arm

Question 35

what body part does the right common coratid artery provide blood to

Answer 35

head and neck