Cardiac drugs

Question 1

Stimulation of alpha-1 receptors cause what to happen in the heart?

Answer 1

Vasoconstriction

Question 2

Stimulation of beta-1 receptors cause what to happen in the heart?

Answer 2

Vasodilation

Question 3

What is cardiac output?

Answer 3

The volume of blood being pumped by the heart.

Question 4

The SA node is also called what?

Answer 4

The hearts pacemaker

Question 5

The atrial depolarization is detected as what wave on the ECG?

Answer 5

P wave

Question 6

The AV node does what within the heart?

Answer 6

Delays depolarization to ventricles.

Question 7

How does the AV node display on the ECG?

Answer 7

flat area between P wave to QRS complex.

Question 8

Depolarization of ventricles (contraction) displays how on the ECG?

Answer 8

QRS complex

Question 9

Repolarization of ventricles displays how on the ECG?

Answer 9

T wave

Question 10

What nervous system controls activity of the heart?

Answer 10

Autonomic

Question 11

What are four compensatory mechanisms of the heart?

Answer 11

Increase HR
Increase stroke volume (volume pushing through)
Increase Heart muscle efficiency
Physiologic heart enlargement

Question 12

What is congestive heart failure

Answer 12

When pumping ability of heart is impaired and sodium and water are retained in an effort to compensate for inadequate cardiac output.

Question 13

What is an Arrhythmia

Answer 13

Any abnormal patterns of electrical activity in the heart.

Question 14

Examples of Arrhythmias

Answer 14

PVC (premature ventricular contraction)—depolarization of ventricles out of the normal sequence
Ventricular Flutter—a series of PVC’s
Ventricular Fibrillation—prolonged or constant uncoordinated ventricular contractions leading to death

Question 15

What are the two groups of Arrhythmias?

Answer 15

Bradycardia and Tacycardia

Question 16

Are arrhythmias classified by location?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

Atrial fibrillation is also known as what?

Answer 17

Supraventricular tachycardia

Question 18

Causes of arrhythmias

Answer 18

Hypoxia
Electrolyte imbalances
Increased level or sensitivity to catecholamiens
Drugs
Trauma or disease affecting cardiac cells

Question 19

Objectives in treatment of Cardiovascular disease

Answer 19

Control rhythm disturbances
Maintain or increase cardiac output
Relieve fluid accumulations

Question 20

What are the three types of anti-arrhythmic drugs

Answer 20

Sodium influx inhibitors (Lidocaine)
Beta Blockers (Atenolol)
Calcium Channel Blockers (Cardizem)

Question 21

What is a positive inotropic effect?

Answer 21

Increase the strength (force) of contractions.

Question 22

What is a negative chronotropic effect?

Answer 22

Slow the heart rate

Question 23

Is Angiotensin a potent vasoconstrictor?

Answer 23

Yes - inhibiting Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) results in vasodilation

Question 24

What type of ant-arrhythmic drug is lidocaine?

Answer 24

Sodium influx inhibitor

Question 25

What type of anti-arrhythmic drug is Propranool?

Answer 25

Beta Blocker

Question 26

What will beta blockers do to the heart?

Answer 26

slow the heart rate

Question 27

What type of ant-arrhythmic drug is Amlodipine (Norvasc)?

Answer 27

Calcium Channel Blocker

Question 28

Atropine reverses what levels of AV block

Answer 28

1st or 2nd

Question 29

Loops diuretics such as furosemide cause what

Answer 29

May cause hypokalemia with chronic use

Question 30

A chronotropic agent affects what of the heart?

Answer 30

Rate of a contraction

Question 31

What type of drug would be used to treat a cat with an aortic thromboemboism?

Answer 31

Fibrinolytic drug

Question 32

What drug is used most commonly in patients with congestive heart failure?

Answer 32

Furosemide

Question 33

What is digoxin?

Answer 33

A negative chronotrope and a positive inotrope

Question 34

What is the drug of choice for the treatment of cardiac arrest in a surgical patient?

Answer 34

Epinephrine

Question 35

What drug is used to treat feline hypertension?

Answer 35

Amolodipine (Norvasc)

Question 36

ACE inhibitors have what effect on the body?

Answer 36

Decreased preload and afterload on the heart.

Question 37

Nitroclycerin is given primarily to achieve what effect?

Answer 37

Vasodilation

Question 38

What is Diltiazem used for?

Answer 38

Relax the heart of patients with HCM

Question 39

Lidocaine is used to control what abnormalitiy

Answer 39

Ventricular tachyarrhythmia

Question 40

What drug is classified as an osmotic diuretic used to reduce intracranial pressure or treat oliguric renal failure?

Answer 40

Mannitol

Question 41

Hyperthyroid cats have heart rates over 200 bpm. What drug would be used to slow the heart rate?

Answer 41

Propranotol (It is a Beta 1 receptor blocker)

Question 42

Drug classified as ACE inhibitors have what effect on the body?

Answer 42

Vasodilation

Question 43

Captopril is an example of a

Answer 43

Vasodilator